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Basic Computer Hardware and Software

The document provides an overview of the basic components of computers including input devices, output devices, hardware, software, the central processing unit, data storage devices, computer memory, graphic user interfaces, ports, peripherals, computer networks, local and wide area networks, bandwidth, baud rate, multitasking, multiprocessing, multimedia, resolution, file management, and computer memory.

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hibazahid27
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12 views

Basic Computer Hardware and Software

The document provides an overview of the basic components of computers including input devices, output devices, hardware, software, the central processing unit, data storage devices, computer memory, graphic user interfaces, ports, peripherals, computer networks, local and wide area networks, bandwidth, baud rate, multitasking, multiprocessing, multimedia, resolution, file management, and computer memory.

Uploaded by

hibazahid27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OVERVIEW OF

COMPUTER AND
IT’S
COMPONENTS
INPUT DEVICES

• Input Devices: devices that input


information into the computer such as
a keyboard, mouse, scanner, and
digital camera.
OUTPUT DEVICES
• Output: devices that output
information from the computer such as
a printer and monitor.
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

• Computer Hardware would include


all tangible parts of a computer.
• Computer Software includes the
programs that are installed.. Or the
instructions for completing tasks.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

• CPU (Central Processing Unit) also called the Microprocessor or “The Brain” of the
Computer.
• Processor speed: The speed at which a microprocessor executes instructions. This is
usually measured in megahertz (MHz).
• Brands of Processors include:

• Pentium
• Celeron
• MAC
• AMD
• Cyrix
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
• Computer chip: also called the microprocessor may
contain an entire processing unit.
• Computer chips contain millions of transistors. They
are small pieces of semi-conducting material (silicon).
• An integrated circuit is embedded in the silicon.
Computers are made of many chips on a circuit board.
DATA STORAGE DEVICES

• The hard-drive is a mechanical storage device typically


located internally.

• Fast recording and recovery of


data
• Large storage capacity
• Magnetic
• Primary storage device for data
and programs
• Speed is measured in R.P.M.’s
(Revolutions per minute)
DATA STORAGE DEVICES (CONT’D)

• CD-ROM (compact disk read only memory)

• An optical device read by


a diode laser
DATA STORAGE DEVICES (CONT’D)

 Floppy diskette is magnetic


storage device for small
amounts of data (1.44MB).
 FLASH drive is a compact
and portable electronic
storage device.
 USB (plug and play) supported
COMPUTER MEMORY
• RAM (random access memory) stores data that is
processing. This type of memory is erased when
the computer is turned off.
• ROM (read only memory) contains special
instructions for the computer to operate.
• Cache memory increases the speed of the
processor by recording and anticipating
instructions.
GRAPHIC USER INTERFACE (GUI)

• GUI (Graphic User Interface) is a set of images and icons seen on the
desktop used to operate a program.

• The GUI makes the programs loaded on the


computer easier to access and use. Basic
Windows GUI
• Icons are small pictures that represent files,
commands, or windows.
• Windows is a GUI operating system.
PORTS AND PERIPHERALS

 Ports are an interface between the computer and another peripheral


device such as a disk drive, mouse, printer, modem, monitor,
camera, FLASH drive or keyboard.
Examples:
Serial
Parallel
hot-wire
USB
PORTS AND PERIPHERALS

 Peripherals are devices that


plug into a computer and are
not housed internally.
Examples:
Printers
Scanners
Cameras
COMPUTER NETWORK

• A computer network is a system


that connects two or more
computing devices for
transmitting and sharing
information. Computing devices
include everything from a
mobile phone to a server. These
devices are connected using
physical wires such as fiber
optics, but they can also be
wireless
LAN AND WAN

• LAN: are networks usually in the same company or


building. The Local Area Network is connected via
telephone lines or radio waves. Most LANs connect
workstations.
• WAN: are systems of LANs that are connected.
(Wide-area network)
BANDWIDTH AND BAUD RATE

• Bandwidth is how much information can be


carried in a given time period (usually a
second) over a wired or wireless
communications link.
• Baud rate is the rate at which information is
transferred in a communication channel.
MULTITASKING AND MULTIPROCESSING

• Multitasking is the ability to execute more than


one task (program) at the same time. Only one
CPU is used but switches from one program to
another.
• In multiprocessing, more than one CPU is used to
complete a task. Example: network rendering.
MULTIMEDIA

• Multimedia software programs include sound,


pictures, video, text, and hypertext to create
presentations.

Software includes:
PowerPoint
Macromedia Director
FLASH
RESOLUTION

• Screen resolution is measured in pixel per inch (ppi), and printer


resolution is measured in dots per inch (dpi).
• Computer screen resolution is approximately 72 ppi.

Width x Height (Pixels) Video Display


640 x 480 Low Resolution
800 x 600 Medium Resolution
1600 x 1200 High Resolution
RESOLUTION

• Resolution refers to the number of pixels


(picture elements) in the monitor image.
• Increased resolution uses more computer
resources but increases the visual clarity of the
display.
COMPUTER MEMORY
• Computer memory is binary (0 or 1) (on or off).
• The byte is the standard unit of measurement.
• A byte is composed of 8 bits (binary digits).
• Typical units of measurement:
• 1 KB (kilobyte) = 1000 bytes
• 1 MB (megabyte) =1000 kilobytes or 1 million bytes
• 1 GB (gigabyte) =1000 megabytes or 1 billion bytes
1 Tb(Terabyte)= 1000 gigabytes or 1 trillon
FILE MANAGEMENT

• Saving files - know the difference between “save” and “save as”.
“Save” will save the open document over the saved document
while “save as” creates a new document if you rename the
document. Save often so work will not be lost.
FILE MANAGEMENT

• Different programs have different file extensions.


• Naming files - avoid the following characters in naming files:

Examples:
• @
• *
• .

• Understand the parts of a path name.

Example: C:\SciVis\movie.avi

Drive designator Directory or folder File name File extension


THANK YOU

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