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Differential Calculus

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Ashlie Jane
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15 views

Differential Calculus

Uploaded by

Ashlie Jane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Differential Calculus

and its Application


Introduction
1. Derivative. The derivative of a function f at a number a is
if this limit exists.
2. Tangent Line. An equation of the tangent line to is given by
3. Product and Quotient Rules. If f and g are both differentiable, then , with
4. Chain Rule. If f and g are both differentiable and is the composite function defined by
then F is differentiable and F’ is given by
5. Implicit Differentiation. Let a function y = y(x) be implicitly defined by F(x; y) =
G(x; y). To find the derivative y0 do the following:
(a) Use the chain rule to differentiate both sides of the given equation, thinking of x as
the independent variable.
(b) Solve the resulting equation for dy/dx.
6. The Method of Related Rates. If two variables are related by an equation and
both are functions of a third variable (such as time), we can and a relation between
their rates of change. We say the rates are related, and we can compute one if we
know the other. We proceed as follows:
(a) Identify the independent variable on which the other quantities depend and
assign it a symbol, such as t. Also, assign symbols to the variable quantities that
depend on t.
(b) Find an equation that relates the dependent variables.
(c) Differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to t (using the chain rule if
necessary).
(d) Substitute the given information into the related rates equation and solve for the
unknown rate.
Table of Derivation
Table of Derivation
Find the derivative of the following:

1. Find y’ when
2. Evaluate Dt , without simplifying your answer.
Related Rates
A ladder 15 ft long rests against a vertical wall. Its top slides down the
wall while its bottom moves away along the level ground at a speed of 2
ft/s. How fast is the angle between the top of the ladder and the wall
changing when the angle is =3 radians?

Ans: dƟ/dt = 4/15 ft /s


Related Rates
A ladder 12 meters long leans against a wall. The foot of the ladder is
pulled away from the wall at the rate ½ m/min. At what rate is the top
of the ladder falling when the foot of the ladder is 4 meters from the
wall?

Ans: dy/dt =
Related Rates
• A rocket R is launched vertically and its tracked from a radar station S
which is 4 miles away from the launch site at the same height above
sea level. At a certain instant after launch, R is 5 miles away from S
and the distance from R to S is increasing at a rate of 3600 miles per
hour. Compute the vertical speed v of the rocket at this instant.

Ans: v = dx/dt = 6000 mi/h


Related Rates
• A boat is pulled into a dock by means of a rope attached to a pulley on
the dock. The rope is attached to the bow of the boat at a point 1 m
below the pulley. If the rope is pulled through the pulley at a rate of 1
m/sec, at what rate will the boat be approaching the dock when 10 m of
rope is out.
Related Rates
• An airplane is flying horizontally at an altitude of y = 3 km and at a speed of 480 km/h
passes directly above an observer on the ground. How fast is the distance D from the
observer to the airplane increasing 30 seconds later?
Solution:
D is the distance between observer and plane
Based on Pythagorean Theorem:

Since
Substitute:
To solve for D,
Related Rates
• A balloon is rising at a constant speed 4m/sec. A boy is cycling along a
straight road at a speed of 8m/sec. When he passes under the
balloon, it is 36 meters above him. How fast is the distance between
the boy and balloon increasing 3 seconds later.
4 m/s
x
Solution: 36 m

Let x = distance between the boy and the balloon 8 m/s


Related Rates
• Sand is pouring out of a tube at 1 cubic meter per second. It forms a
pile which has the shape of a cone. The height of the cone is equal to
the radius of the circle at its base. How fast is the sandpile rising when
it is 2 meters high?
Related Rates
• A water tank is in the shape of a cone with vertical axis and vertex
downward. The tank has radius 3 m and is 5 m high. At rst the tank is
full of water, but at time t = 0 (in seconds), a small hole at the vertex is
opened and the water begins to drain. When the height of water in
the tank has dropped to 3 m, the water is owing out at 2 m3/s. At
what rate, in meters per second, is the water level dropping then?

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