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Polymorphism

The document discusses different types of polymorphism in object-oriented programming, including compile-time polymorphism through function overloading and operator overloading, and runtime polymorphism through function overriding. Examples in C++ demonstrate how each type of polymorphism works.

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Siddharth Jha
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14 views

Polymorphism

The document discusses different types of polymorphism in object-oriented programming, including compile-time polymorphism through function overloading and operator overloading, and runtime polymorphism through function overriding. Examples in C++ demonstrate how each type of polymorphism works.

Uploaded by

Siddharth Jha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Polymorphism

Unit 3
Polymorphism
• The word “polymorphism” means having many forms.

• In simple words, we can define polymorphism as the ability of a


message to be displayed in more than one form.

• A real-life example of polymorphism is a person who at the same


time can have different characteristics.

• A man at the same time is a father, a husband, and an employee. So


the same person exhibits different behavior in different situations.
This is called polymorphism.

• Polymorphism is considered one of the important features of


Object-Oriented Programming.
Types of Polymorphism
Compile-Time Polymorphism

• This type of polymorphism is achieved by function


overloading or operator overloading.
Function Overloading

• When there are multiple functions with the same name but
different parameters, then the functions are said to
be overloaded, hence this is known as Function Overloading.
• Functions can be overloaded by changing the number of
arguments or/and changing the type of arguments.
• In simple terms, it is a feature of object-oriented programming
providing many functions that have the same name but distinct
parameters when numerous tasks are listed under one function
name.
• There are certain Rules of Function Overloading that should
be followed while overloading a function.
C++ program to demonstrate function overloading or Compile-time Polymorphism

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Geeks {
public:
void func(int x)
{
cout << "value of x is " << x << endl;
}

// Function with same name but 1 double parameter


void func(double x)
{
cout << "value of x is " << x << endl;
}
void func(int x, int y)
{
cout << "value of x and y is " << x << ", " << y << endl;
}
};

int main()
{
Geeks obj1;

// Function being called depends on the parameters passed

obj1.func(7);

obj1.func(9.132);

obj1.func(85, 64);
return 0;
}
Operator Overloading

• C++ has the ability to provide the operators with a special


meaning for a data type, this ability is known as operator
overloading.

• For example, we can make use of the addition operator (+) for
string class to concatenate two strings.

• We know that the task of this operator is to add two operands.


So a single operator ‘+’, when placed between integer
operands, adds them and when placed between string
operands, concatenates them.
C++ program to demonstrate Operator Overloading or Compile-Time Polymorphism

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex {
private:
int real, imag;

public:
Complex(int r = 0, int i = 0)
{
real = r;
imag = i;
}
// This is automatically called when '+' is used with between two Complex objects

Complex operator+(Complex obj)


{
Complex c;
c.real = real + obj.real;
c.imag = imag + obj.imag;
return c;
}
void print()
{
cout << real << " + i" << imag << endl; }
};

int main()
{
Complex c1(10, 5), c2(2, 4);

Complex c3 = c1 + c2;
c3.print();
}
Runtime Polymorphism

• This type of polymorphism is achieved by Function


Overriding.

• Late binding and dynamic polymorphism are other names for


runtime polymorphism.
Function Overriding

• Function Overriding occurs when a derived class has a


definition for one of the member functions of the base class.

• That base function is said to be overridden.

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