INPUT OUTPUT

Optical Mark Readers (OMRs) and

Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
Devices
• Optical mark readers (OMRs): Input data from special
forms to score exams, questionnaires, ballots
• Optical character recognition (OCR): The ability of a
computer to recognize scanned text characters and
convert them to electronic form as text, not images
– OCR readers can recognize many typed fonts
– Used to process turnaround
documents like monthly bills
 Magnetic Ink Character
Recognition (MICR) Readers
• Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) readers:
Read MICR characters
 It is called a magnetic ink character recognition line
in reference to the print technology that is used to
enable a machine to read, process, and record
information.
– Used primarily for banking
– MICR readers read the special
magnetic characters and
sort/process checks
– Can be used for remote
deposit
 Biometric
Readers
• Biometric data: Based on unique physiological
characteristics or personal trait
– Fingerprint
– Hand or face geometry
– Iris of the eye
– Voice or signature
• Biometric readers: Used to input biometric data
– Can be stand-alone or built into another piece of
hardware
– Used to allow access only by authorized individuals
– Most often used for access control and to verify
transactions
Biometric Readers
 Digital Cameras
• Digital cameras: Record images on digital storage
medium rather than film
– Can either be still cameras or video cameras
– Integrated into many portable computers and mobile
phones.
• Digital still cameras
– Available in a wide variety of sizes and capabilities
– Primary appeal is images immediately available
– Camera quality is measured in megapixels
– Typically use flash memory for storage
– Camera phones can be used to read barcodes, for
mobile deposit, etc.
Digital Still Cameras
 Digital Cameras
• Digital video cameras
– Digital camcorders
– PC video cameras
(PC cams, Web
cam)
– Store images on digital media (flash memory, DVDs,
hard drives, etc.)
• Applications:
– Surveillance video
cameras
– Video conferences
and Webinars
– Face recognition
 Audio Input
• Audio input: The process of entering audio data into
the computer
• Voice input: Inputting spoken words and converting
them to digital form
– Via microphone or headset
– Recorded for narrations, podcasts, etc.
– VoIP (Voice over IP systems) applications
– To provide spoken instructions to computer
(speech recognition systems)
• Music input systems are used to input music
– Microphones, keyboard controllers, etc.
Voice Input Systems
 Quick Quiz
1. Which of the following is used in conjunction with
Scantron test forms, voting ballots, and other
documents in which the selection is bubbled in?
a. OCR
b. MICR
c. OMR
2. True or False: Flatbed scanners can be used to scan
photos, as well as documents on conventional paper.
3. A voice input system requires software and a(n)
_______________________ in order to input voice
data or commands into a computer.
 Display Devices
• Display device: Presents output visually
– Monitor: Display device for a desktop computer
– Display screen: Screen built into a variety of devices
• Notebook and other portable computers
• Mobile phones and mobile devices
• Handheld gaming devices, home entertainment
devices, kitchen appliances
• Digital photo frames, e-book readers
• Digital signage systems, digital billboards
Display
Devices
Display Device Characteristics
• Color vs. monochrome
• CRT vs. flat-panel displays
• Size and aspect ratio
• Screen resolution
• Video adapters, interfaces,
and ports
• Wired vs. wireless displays
• 2D vs. 3D
• Touch and gesture
capabilities
Video Adapters
 Flat-Panel Display
Technologies
• Liquid crystal displays (LCDs): Use charged liquid
crystals between sheets of glass or plastic
– Requires backlighting
• LED (Light emitting diode): Used in displays as well as a
variety of consumer products
• OLED (Organic Light emitting diode) – Uses layers of
organic material
– Emit visible light when current is applied
– FOLED (Flexible OLED)
– TOLED (Transparent OLED)
– PHOLED (Phosphorescent OLED)
Flat-Panel Display
Technologies
 Flat-Panel Display
Technologies
• Interferometric modulator displays (IMOD): Essentially a
complex mirror that uses external light to display images
– Designed initially for mobile phones and portable
devices
– Images are bright and clear, even in sunlight
• Plasma displays: Use layers of gas to display images
– Most often used on large displays
• Surface-conduction electron-emitter displays (SED):
Millions of tiny electron guns, similar to CRT
– Thin, bright, less flicker than LCD or plasma
 Data and Multimedia
Projectors
• Data projector: Display device that projects all computer
output to a wall or projection screen
– Found in classrooms, conference rooms
– Can be wireless or integrated into devices
– Integrated – tiny projectors built into mobile phones,
portable
devices
– Hologram
projectors
used to
display
3D images
 Printers
• Printers: Produce hard copy
• Printer characteristics
– Printing technology used
• Impact vs. nonimpact
– Color vs. black and white
– Personal vs. network
printers
– Print resolution (measured
in dpi)
– Print speed (measured in
pages per
minute (PPM))
– Connection (USB,
 Laser Printers
• Laser printer: Uses toner powder and technology similar
to that of a photocopier to produce images on paper
– The standard for business documents
– Print one entire page at a time
– Generally faster and have better quality than ink-jet
printers
– Can be black and white or color
– Common print resolution for laser printers is between 600
and 2,400 dpi
– Use toner cartridges
Laser Printers
 Ink-Jet Printers
• Ink-jet printer: Sprays droplets of ink to produce images
on paper
– Usually print in color
– Often the choice for home use
– Print fairly slowly, one line at a time
– Quality not quite as good as a laser printer
– Use ink-jet cartridges
• Newer printers with full width printheads are much faster
• Potential applications for the future
– Dispensing liquid metal, aromas, computer chips and
other circuitry, “printing” human tissue
Ink-Jet Printers
 Special-Purpose
Printers
• Photo printers
• Barcode, label,
and postage
printers
• Portable
printers
• Plotters and
wide-format
ink-jet printers
• 3-D printers
 Audio Output
• Audio output: Output in the form of voice, music, and
other audible sounds
– Speakers
– Headphones and headsets
– Earphones and earbuds
 Quick Quiz
1. Which of the following types of display devices should
have the largest footprint (the amount of room taken up on
a desk)?
a. CRT monitor
b. OLED display
c. LCD display
2. True or False: Laser printers can only print in black
and white.
3. ______________________ printers form images with
drops of liquid ink.
Answers:
 Summary
• Keyboards
• Pointing and Touch Devices
• Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras
• Audio Input
• Display Devices
• Printers
• Audio Output