Scribd
Upload
25 views

Lec 04, Normal and Tangential Components

The document discusses normal and tangential coordinate systems used to analyze curvilinear motion. It introduces normal and tangential unit vectors and expressions for velocity and acceleration in these coordinates. Examples of circular motion and a sample problem are presented.

Uploaded by

Akash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views

Lec 04, Normal and Tangential Components

The document discusses normal and tangential coordinate systems used to analyze curvilinear motion. It introduces normal and tangential unit vectors and expressions for velocity and acceleration in these coordinates. Examples of circular motion and a sample problem are presented.

Uploaded by

Akash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Normal and

Tangential
Components

Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 1


• To investigate particle motion along a curved
path “Curvilinear Motion” using three
coordinate systems
– Rectangular Components
• Position vector r = x i + y j + z k
• Velocity v = v x i + vy j + vz k (tangent to path)
• Acceleration a = ax i + ay j +az k (tangent to hodograph)

– Normal and Tangential Components


– Polar & Cylindrical Components

Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 2


2/5 Normal and Tangential Coordinates (n-t )
 The n- and t-coordinates are
considered to move along the
path with the particle.
 The positive direction for n at
any position is always taken
toward the center of curvature
of the path.
 The positive n-direction will
shift from one side of the curve
to the other side if the
curvature changes direction.

Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 3


Velocity
 For this purpose, we introduce unit vectors
 en in the n-direction and
 et in the t-direction

 radius of curvature of the path at this position


designated by ρ.

Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 4


Acceleration
 a = dv/dt
 acceleration is a vector which reflects both the change in magnitude and
the change in direction of v

 Where the unit vector et now has a non-zero derivative because its direction
changes.

Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 5


Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 6
Geometric Interpretation

 The normal component of acceleration an is always directed


toward the center of curvature C.
 The tangential component of acceleration, on the other hand,
will be in the positive t-direction of motion if the speed v is
increasing and in the negative t-direction if the speed is
decreasing

Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 7


Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 8
Circular Motion

Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 9


Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 10
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2/7:
To anticipate the dip and hump in the road, the driver of a car applies her
brakes to produce a uniform deceleration. Her speed is 100 km/h at the bottom
A of the dip and 50 km/h at the top C of the hump, which is 120 m along the
road from A. If the passengers experience a total acceleration of 3 m/s2 at A and
if the radius of curvature of the hump at C is 150 m, calculate (a) the radius of
curvature at A, (b) the acceleration at the inflection point B, and (c) the total
acceleration at C.

Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 11


Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 12
Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 13
(a) Condition at A

Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 14


(b) Condition at B.

Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 15


(c) Condition at C.

Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 16


Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 17
Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 18
Lec 04, Normal & Tangential Co-ordinates 05/28/2024 19

You might also like