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Abstract and It's Types

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26 views

Abstract and It's Types

Uploaded by

harinikeerthi021
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ABSTRACT

AND
IT’S TYPES
WHAT IS ABSTRACT?

An abstract is a brief summary of a


research article, thesis, review, conference
proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular
subject and is often used to help the reader quickly
ascertain the paper’s purpose. Abstracts are typically
100 to 500 words in length and should be written in
the same language as the original paper.
WHEN TO WRITE AN ABSTRACT:
 When submitting articles to jornals, especially online journals.
 When applying for research grants
 When writing a book proposal
 When completing the Ph.D.dissertation or M.A.thesis
 When writing a proposal for a conference paper
 When writing a proposal for a book chapter.

PURPOSE:
 Help reader decide whether to read the text or not
 Summarize the findings of the text
 Help scholars find your article.
WRITING AN ABSTRACT:
 Read over your paper and identify the key points for each section .
 Re-read each section and shrink the information in each down to 1-2 sentences.
 Ensure you have written one to two sentences for each of the key points outlined
above.
 Connect the ideas with appropriate transitions.
 Add and remove text as needed.
 Check the word length and further reduce your words if necessary by cutting out
unnecessary words or rewriting some of the sentences into a single.
 Revise, and edit for flow and expression.
 Proofread.
 No matter what type of abstract you are writing, or whether you are abstracting
your own work or someone else’s, the most important step in writing an abstract is
to revise early often.
TYPES
TYPESOFOF
ABSTRACT:
ABSTRACT…
There are four types of abstracts:
1.Critical Abstract: Provides a judgment or comment about the
study’s validity, reliability, or completeness.
2.Descriptive Abstract: Describes the main findings and
information.
3.Informative Abstract: Provides the main arguments and
conclusions.
4.Highlight Abstract: Provides a brief summary of the entire
paper.
DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATIVE
ABSTRACT: ABSTRACT:
 Used for humanities and social  Used for science engineering or
science papers or psychology essays psychology reports
 Describes the major points of the  Informs the audience of all essential
project to a reader points of the paper.
 50-100 words  About 200 words
 Topic ( back ground)  Topic (background)
 Research question ( purpose)  Research question (aim or purpose of
 Particular interest /focus on paper research)
 Overview of contents  Methods used
 Result / findings
 Conclusion
WHEN REVISING:

 Delete all extraneous words and incorporate meaningful and


powerful words.
 The idea is to be as clear and complete as possible in the shortest
possible amount of space.
 The word count feature of Microsoft Word can help you keep
track of how long your abstract is and help you hit your target
length.
DO’s:
DO’s & DON’Ts :
DO’s:
 Avoid repeating information from the title
 Be specific
 If many results, only present the most important
 Mention just the major implications
 Relate back to your purpose and research question
DO’s & DON’Ts :
DON’Ts:
 Don’t enumerate a list of topics covered; instead, convey the essential
information found in your paper
 Don’t give equation and math.Exceptions: Your paper proposes E=mc^2
 Don’t refer in the abstract to information that is not in the document
 If possible,don’t use trade names, acronyms, abbreviations,or symbols.
 Don’t contain references .
 Don’t repeat or rephrase the title.
 Don’t use sentence that end in “… is described “, “…. Is reported “, “….
Is analysed “ or similar.
 Don’t commence with “this paper…”,” this report…” or similar.

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