The System Development Life Cycle

The
The System
System
Development
Development Life
Life Cycle
Cycle

Made
Made BY:
BY: SYED
SYED AZAN
AZAN
SHAH
SHAH
The System Development Life Cycle
What is an information, system?

Hardware,
Hardware,software,
software,data,
data, System—Set
System—Setof ofcomponents
components
people,
people,and
andprocedures
proceduresthat
that that
thatinteract
interactto
toachieve
achieve
work
worktogether
togethertotoproduce
produce common
commongoalgoal
quality
qualityinformation
information
The System Development Life Cycle
What is Importance of SDLC?

•• ItItdelivers
deliversquality
qualitysoftware
softwarewhich
whichmeet
meet
the
thesystem
systemrequirement.
requirement.

•• ItItensures
ensuresthe
therequirements
requirementsfor
forthe
the
development
developmentof ofthe
thesoftware
softwaresystem
systemare
are
satisfied.
satisfied.

•• ItItdelivers
deliverscost
costeffective
effectivesystem.
system.

•• ItItmaximizes
maximizesthe
theproductivity.
productivity.
The System Development Life Cycle
What is Objective of SDLC?

•• Ensure
Ensurethat
thathigh
highquality
qualitysystems
systemsare
are
delivered.
delivered.

•• Provide
ProvideStrong
Strongmanagement
managementcontrols
controls
over
overthe
theproject.
project.

•• Maximize
Maximizethe
theproductivity.
productivity.
 SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE
CYCLE (SDLC)
SDLC PHASE ACTIVITIES
1. Planning •Define the system to be developed
•Set the project scope
•Develop the project plan
2. Analysis •Gather business requirements
3. Design •Design the technical architecture
•Design system models
4. Development •Build technical architecture
•Build databases and programs
5. Testing •Write test conditions
•Perform testing
6. Implementation •Write user documentation
•Provide training
7. Maintenance •Build a help desk
•Support system changes
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE
CYCLE (SDLC)
 The SDLC has 7 phases:
 Planning
 Analysis
 Design
 Development
 Testing
 Implementation
 Maintenance
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE
CYCLE (SDLC)
The System Development Life Cycle
What are the phases of the system development cycle?
Phase 2. Analysis
 Conduct preliminary investigation
Phase 1. Planning  Perform detailed analysis activities:
 Review project requests
Phase 3. Design
Study current system  Acquire hardware
 Prioritize project Determine user requirements and software, if
requests necessary
Recommend solution
 Allocate resources  Develop details of
 Identify project system
development team

Phase 5. Support Phase 4. Implementation

 Conduct post-implementation  Develop programs, if necessary
system review  Install and test new system
 Identify errors and enhancements  Train users
 Monitor system performance  Convert to new system
The System Development Life Cycle
What are guidelines for system development?

Arrange tasks into phases

(groups of activities)
Involve users (anyone for whom
system is being built)

Develop clearly defined standards (procedures

company expects employees to follow)
The System Development Life Cycle
What is a systems analyst?

Responsible for designing

and developing
information system

Liaison between users

and IT professionals
The System Development Life Cycle
What is the project team?

Formed to work on project from beginning to end

Consists of users, systems analyst, and other IT professionals

Project leader—one member of the team who

manages and controls project budget and schedule
The System Development Life Cycle
What is feasibility?
Operational
feasibility
Measure of
how suitable
system Four feasibility
development tests:
will be to the Schedule
company feasibility

Economic
feasibility
(also called Technical
cost/benefit feasibility
feasibility)
The System Development Life Cycle
What is documentation?

Collection and summarization

of data and information

Includes reports, diagrams,

programs, and other deliverables
The System Development Life Cycle
What are some reasons to create or modify an
information system?

To correct problem To improve

in existing system existing system

Outside group may Competition can

mandate change lead to change
The System Development Life Cycle
What is the planning phase?
Begins when steering committee receives project request

Steering
committee—
decision-making
body for the
company

Function of committee:

Form project
Review and development
Prioritize Allocate
approve project team for each
project requests resources
requests approved
project
The System Development Life Cycle
What is the analysis phase?

Conduct preliminary Perform detailed

investigation, also analysis
called feasibility
study
The System Development Life Cycle
What is the preliminary investigation?
 Determine exact nature of problem or improvement
and whether it is worth pursuing
 Findings are presented in feasibility report, also known as a feasibility study
The System Development Life Cycle
What is detailed analysis?
1. Study how current system
works

2. Determine user’s wants, needs,

and requirements

3. Recommend solution

Sometimes called logical design

The System Development Life Cycle
What is the
system proposal? Assesses
feasibility
of each
alternative
solution

Presented to
Recommends
steering
the most
committee,
feasible
which decides
solution for
how system will
the project
be developed
The System Development Life Cycle
What are possible solutions? Horizontal
Horizontalmarket
market
software—meets
software—meets
needs
needsofofmany
many
companies
Buy
Buypackaged
packagedsoftware—prewritten
software—prewritten companies
software
softwareavailable
availablefor
forpurchase
purchase
Vertical
Verticalmarket
market
software—designed
software—designed
for
forparticular
particularindustry
industry
Write
Writeown
owncustom
customsoftware—software
software—software
developed
developedat
atuser’s
user’srequest
request

Outsource—have
Outsource—haveoutside
outsidesource
source
develop
developsoftware
software
The System Development Life Cycle
What is the design phase?

Acquire
Acquirehardware
hardwareand
andsoftware
software

Develop
Developall
alldetails
detailsof
ofnew
neworor
modified
modifiedinformation
informationsystem
system
The System Development Life Cycle
What is needed to acquire new hardware and software?
 Identify all hardware and software requirements of new or
modified system

Talk with other

Surf Web
systems analysts

Read print and

Visit vendors’ stores online trade journals,
newspapers, and
magazines
The System Development Life Cycle
What are three basic documents used to summarize
technical specifications?
Vendor quotes
Identifies Request for quotation (RFQ) price(s) for
product(s) listed
you want product(s)

Vendor selects
Request for proposal (RFP)
product(s) that
meet(s) your
requirements and Less formal method
then quotes price(s) that uses standard
form to request
information about
Request for information (RFI) product or service
The System Development Life Cycle
What is a detailed design?

Detailed design specifications for components in proposed solution

Includes several activities

Database
Database Input
Inputand
and Program
Program
design
design output
outputdesign
design design
design
The System Development Life Cycle
What is the implementation phase?
 Purpose is to construct, or build, new or modified
system and then deliver it to users
Convert to new system

Train users

Install and test new system

Develop programs
The System Development Life Cycle
What is the support phase?
 Provides ongoing assistance after system is implemented
Conduct post-implementation system review—meeting to find out if
information system is performing according to expectations

Identify errors

Identify enhancements

Monitor system performance

The System Development Life Cycle
Personnel involve in SDLC
Project Manager

AAProject
ProjectManager
ManagerininSDLCSDLCisisaaprofessional
professional
responsible
responsibleforforcoordinating
coordinatingandandmanaging
managingallall
aspects
aspectsof ofsoftware
softwaredevelopment
developmentprojects
projectsfrom
from
initiation
initiationtotoclosure.
closure.They
Theylead
lead
multidisciplinary
multidisciplinaryteams,
teams,define
defineproject
project
objectives,
objectives,create
createand
andmanage
manageproject
projectplans,
plans,
allocate
allocateresources,
resources,manage
managerisks,
risks,and
and
communicate
communicatewith withstakeholders
stakeholderstotoensure
ensure
successful
successfulproject
projectdelivery.
delivery.
The System Development Life Cycle
Personnel involve in SDLC
Project Manager

•• Key
Keyresponsibilities
responsibilitiesand
andtasks
tasksof
ofaa
Project
ProjectManager
Manager
•• Developing
Developingthe
theproject
projectplan.
plan.
•• Managing
Managingthe
theproject
projectbudget.
budget.
•• Managing
Managingthe
theproduct
productstake
stakeholders.
holders.
•• Managing
Managingthe
theproject
projectteam.
team.
•• Managing
Managingthe
theproject
projectrisk.
risk.
•• Managing
Managingthe
theProject
Projectconflicts.
conflicts.
The System Development Life Cycle
Personnel involve in SDLC
System Analyst

AASystem
SystemAnalyst
Analystin inthe
theSoftware
Software
Development
DevelopmentLife LifeCycle
Cycle(SDLC)
(SDLC)isisaa
professional
professionalresponsible
responsibleforforbridging
bridging
the
thegap
gapbetween
betweenbusiness
businessrequirements
requirements
and
andtechnical
technicalsolutions.
solutions.Their
Theirmain
main
role
roleinvolves
involvesanalyzing,
analyzing,designing,
designing,and
and
implementing
implementinginformation
informationsystems
systemstoto
meet
meetthe
theneeds
needsofofan
anorganization.
organization.
The System Development Life Cycle
Personnel involve in SDLC
System Analyst

Key
Keyresponsibilities
responsibilitiesand
andtasks
tasksof
ofaaSystem
System
Analyst
Analyst
••Requirement
RequirementAnalysis
Analysis
••System
SystemDesign
Design
••Prototyping
Prototyping
••Modeling
ModelingFeasibility
Feasibility
••Analysis
AnalysisRequirement
Requirement
••Prioritization
Prioritization
••Communication
Communication
The System Development Life Cycle
Personnel involve in SDLC
Programmer

AAprogrammer,
programmer,in inthe
thecontext
contextof
of
computing,
computing,isisananindividual
individualwho
who
writes,
writes,tests,
tests,debugs,
debugs,and
andmaintains
maintainsthe
the
source
sourcecode
codeofofcomputer
computerprograms.
programs.
Their
Theirprimary
primaryresponsibility
responsibilityisisto
to
translate
translatesoftware
softwarerequirements
requirementsinto
intoaa
set
setof
ofinstructions
instructionsthat
thataacomputer
computercancan
execute.
execute.
The System Development Life Cycle
Personnel involve in SDLC
Programmer

Key
Keyresponsibilities
responsibilitiesand
andtasks
tasksof
ofaa
Programmer
Programmer

••Writing
Writing,testing
,testingand
andmaintaining
maintainingthe
the
instructions
instructionsofofcomputer
computerprograms.
programs.

••Updating
Updatingexisting
existingprograms
programs

••Testing
Testingthe
thecode
code
The System Development Life Cycle
Personnel involve in SDLC
Software Tester

AAsoftware
softwaretester
testerisisaaprofessional
professionalwho who
uses
usestheir
theircomputer
computerskills
skillstotoensure
ensure
that
thatcomputer
computerprograms
programsfunction
functionas as
intended.
intended.They
Theyareareinvolved
involvedin inthe
the
quality
qualityassurance
assurancestage
stageofofsoftware
software
development
developmentand anddeployment,
deployment,and and
help
helpcompanies
companiesprovide
provideaasatisfactory
satisfactory
product
productto toconsumers
consumersand andprotect
protectthethe
software
softwarefrom
fromcyberattacks.
cyberattacks.
The System Development Life Cycle
Personnel involve in SDLC
Software Tester

•• Meeting
Meetingwith
withsystem
systemusers
userstotounderstand
understandthe
the
scope
scopeofofprojects
projects
•• Working
Workingwithwithsoftware
softwaredevelopers
developersandandproject
project
support
supportteams
teams
•• Identifying
Identifyingbusiness
businessrequirements
requirements
•• Planning
Planningprojects
projects
•• Monitoring
Monitoringapplications
applicationsand
andsoftware
softwaresystems
systems
•• Evaluating
Evaluatingsoftware
softwareProducts
ProductsPlanning
Planningand
and
designing
designingtests
tests
•• Executing
Executingtests
tests
The System Development Life Cycle
Personnel involve in SDLC
Customer

AAcustomer's
customer'srole
rolein
inthe
theSoftware
Software
Development
DevelopmentLife LifeCycle
Cycle(SDLC)
(SDLC)isis
to
toprovide
providefeedback,
feedback,requirements,
requirements,andand
support
supportto toensure
ensurethat
thatthe
thefinal
finalproduct
product
meets
meetstheir
theirneeds
needsand
and
expectations.
expectations.Customers
Customersshould
should
monitor
monitorthethedevelopment
developmentprocess
processand
and
check
checkthethedeliverables
deliverablesprovided
providedby bythe
the
development
developmentcompany
companyatatall
allstages.
stages.