Governments during

Revolutionary
Part II
Era
 CONTENTS
THE BIAK-NA BATO THE DICTATORIAL
REPUBLIC GOVERNMENT
• was established on • was established on
November 1, 1897. May 24, 1898.

THE THE FIRST

REVOLUTIONARY PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT REPUBLIC
• was established on • existed from
June 29, 1898. January 23, 1899 to
March 23, 1901.
BIA K NA B A TO
R E PU B L IC
 • The aim of the
revolution is to separate
the Philippines from the
Spanish Monarchy and
their formation into an
independent state.
• Aguinaldo first established a republican
government called Biak-naBato Republic,
but later entered into an greement with the
Spaniards whereby he and his men would go
into exile, in Hongkong in exchange for Php.
800,000.00. The truce, however, fell through
because one of the Filipino military leaders,
General Francisco Makabulos of Tarlac,
established a central executive committee
which was an independent government.
Armed clashes between the revolutionaries
and the Spaniards followed.
 • The constitution of the republic of biak-na-bato was
written bby Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho, who
copied the Cuban constitution of Jimaguayú nearly
word-forword. It provided for the creation of a supreme
council, which was created on November 2, 1897.
• It lasted up to December 15, 1897, with the conclusion
of the “Pact of Biak-na-Bato.”
• The spanish-American War. On February 15, 1898z the
American battleship USS Maine stationed at Havana
Harbor in Cuba was allegedly blown up by the
Spaniards. More than 200 American sailors and officers
died in the mishap. Thus, on April 25, 1898, the US
Congress formally declared war on Spain. Soon after,
the American fleet proceeded to Manila Bay on May 1,
1898 to attack the Spanish fleet. The Spaniards were
easily defeated by the better-armed American ships.
This was a turning point in the history of the
Philippines. Spanish might was on the wane. The US,
new world power, was eager to spread its wings to Asia.
• The Return of Aguinaldo and the Mock
Battle of Manila. Convinced by the
Americans that the US was not interested in
colonizing the Philippines, Aguinaldo
agreed to return to the Philippines and
continue the struggle against the Spaniards.
By June of 1898, the entire Luzon was in
the hands of the Filipino rebels. On June
12, 1898, Aguinaldo signed the
Proclamation of Philippine Independence
in Kawit, Cavite. In the wake of the
battlefield successes of the Filipinos, the
Americans and the Spaniards entered into a
secret agreement and staged a battle to
make the Filipino rebels believe that it was
the Spaniards who surrendered to the
Americans. This was called the Mock
Battle of Manila.
THE DI C TA TO R IA L
GOV E R N M E N T
 In view of the chaotic
conditions in the country,
Gen. Aguinaldo established
the Dictatorial Government
on May 24, 1898.
Most important achievements
• Proclamation of the Philippine Independence at
Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898.
• For the first time the Philippine Flag was
unrolled while the national anthem was
being played. The flag was sewn by Marcella
Agoncillo while the national anthem
“Marcha Filipina Magdalo” was composed
by Juan Felipe and Jose Palma’s lyrics from
gis poem “Felipinas.”
• Reorganization of Local Governments.

• The Dictatorial Government lasted for only a

month, from May 24 to June 23, 1898. He
then established the Revolutionary
Government replacing dictatorial
government with the advised of Apolinario
Mabini (Brains of Revolution) Ang Dakilang
Lumpo.
 E R E V O L UT IO N A RY
TH R N M E N T
GOV E
 On June 29, 1898, Gen. Aguinaldo
established the Revolutionary Government
with himself as President and a Congress
whose function was advisory and ministerial.
The Revolutionary Government is another
government established by Gen. Emilio
Aguinaldo on the 23rd day of June in the year
1898; replacing the Dictatorial Government.
This Government aims to struggle for the
Philippine Independence until the foreign
countries including spain will recognized the
Philippines. It also aims for the future
establishment of the real republic.
The aims of the new government
• To struggle for the independence of the
Philippines, until all nations including Spain
will expressly recognize it.

• To prepare the country for the establishment

of a real republic.
 E F IR S T P H IL I PP I NE
TH B L IC
R E PU
 On September 15, 1898, a revolutionary
Congress of Filipino representatives met in
Malolos, Bulacan at the call of the
Revolutionary Government. On September
29, 1898z the Malolos Congress ratified the
proclamation of Philippine Independence
made by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo in Kawit,
Cavite on June 12, 1898 and framed the so-
called Malolos constitution.
• The constitution was the first democratic
ever promulgated in the whole of Asia.
• The Malolos Constitution established a
government intented to be “popular,
representative, and responsible.” Unlike the
one under the Spanish rule, the government
was now divided into three branches the
executive, the legislative, and the judiciary.
• The President was elected by a unicameral
assembly which took the place of Congress.
The department secretaries were responsible
to the assembly. The first Philippine
Republic was inaugurated on January 23,
1899 with Aguinaldo as its President.
• It established a “free and independent
Philippine Republic” which was inaugurated
on January 23, 1899 with Gen. Aguinaldo as
President.
 Our first Philippine Republic was not
recognized by the family of nations. It was
nevertheless an organized government
because it actually existed and its authority
was accepted. It existed from January 23,
1899 to March 23, 1901, upon Capture of
Aguinaldo by the Americans. The Republic
was short-lived. Its independence cut short by
the superior might if a new colonial power.
• The Malolos Constitution had no opportunity
to operate.
• This in no way diminish its historical
significance.
• It was the first war of independence fought
hy Asians against foreign domination.
• It gave birth to the first constitutional
democracy in Asia and the West Pacific.
THANK YOU!
This is presented by
Ma. Luisa P. Ygoña of 11
Paul.