Unit 3:

Living things in their

environment
 Subunit 3.4-3.7
So..What are we going to cover in
this Unit?
Ozone
depletion
Pollutio
n
Conservat
Energy
ion
Resourc
es
❖Adhere to the timings of the
Virtual class.

❖Wait patiently for all your friends

to join in.

❖Mute your microphone to

avoid disturbance.

❖Ask doubts and give answers when

you are asked to.

❖So Let’s begin……

Observe the pictures and spot the difference
 3.4-
Pollution
 Pollution
 Often the environment gets contaminated with unwanted/ harmful
substances.
Contamination of natural environment that will be harmful to eco-system is
called as Pollution.

Air pollution Noise pollution

Water pollution Soil pollution

 3.4-Air pollution-
Introduction
3.5-
Ozone
Depletio
Causes Effects n
Water Pollution-Causes and
effects
 Air pollution

 Factors affecting natural functions

of eco-system and causing harmful
effects on aboitic and biotic factors
are called Pollutants.

 Pollutants may be natural or man

made.

Sulfur-dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide

Carbon-monoxide
Nitrous-oxide
 These pollutant gases
released from different sources
or human activities, add on to
the Air pollution.

Burning certain variety of coal

releases Sulfur dioxide gas.
There are several reasons by which the air becomes polluted
 Reasons for air Pollution: Natural reasons

Forest fires
Volcanic eruptions

Earthquake

Micro-organisms in air Dust storms

 Man made reasons

Factories emitting toxic gases Vehicles emitting toxic gases

Burning solid waste Agricultural activity

 Air pollutants

See the Delhi pollution 'you can taste'.mp4

In 2014, the World Health Organisation (WHO) had declared

Delhi the most polluted city in the world.
 Peeping into history

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 Air pollutants-Sources-Effects

In excess leads to
Green house effect
and Global warming.

Releases from un-maintained

Carbon Carbon vehicles and lowers blood’s ability
dioxide monoxide to carry oxygen.

Causes Acid Rain, Irritation

Sulfur of eyes, respiratory
dioxide problems.

Causes Acid rain and

Nitrogen Smog as well as
oxides respiratory diseases.
 OW?
KN
YOU
DID
 Effects of Air pollution

Deforestation leads to CO2

decrease in trees and Oxygen
levels goes down.

CO2
CO2

N2O
CH4

CO2
Disturbance in the level of carbon-dioxide and oxygen gas
 Green house effect and
Global warming CO2

CO2

CO2

N2O

CO2
 Green house effect and
Global warming CO2

CO2

CO2

N2O

CO2
 GLOBAL WARMING

Green house effect leads to GLOBAL WARMING.

It is the gradual increase in the average temperature of the

Earth globally.

It can cause Climate change.

GLOBAL WARMING-EFFECTS

Rise in average temperature globally.

Melting of the Polar ice caps.

Extreme climate condition leading to droughts

or floods.

Rise in sea levels.

ACID RAIN
Substances can be chemically classified as Acid, Alkali or salts. Substances have different pH .
A pH scale can help us to understand whether the substance is chemically an
Acid/Alkali/neutral.
 CONFUSED?

m al
n or
l of cid
e a
H lev and
p r
t he w ate
k at s e a
Lo o t er,
n wa ..
r a i r …
w ate
n
rai
 What is ACID RAIN?

t e r h a sa is
r a i n w a t e a n s i t
Normal p H o f abou 5.6. This m
u r a l ly ht l y a c idic
nat sltigo . xide inids.callewd ater the
is d u e n dio lv i ng
This carbcid o o l
sneoarkmaaci rain
daainsw
in i s to
form a carbonitih a low, w
c a h
erhpicHhtis i d ra w i th
te r w A c te r ur
R a i n w a
n w a a cuid lf
r a i it h s
rain. e d w o r
x
m i io x i d i d e e
d n o x e
r o g e m a k
n i t to
l v e d d .
o i
d is s e a k a c
aw
 Let’s understand how Acid rain is
formed?
Aci
d
sulf rains
ur d are
o x i d o x i de f o rm e
i
Pollutant gases
par e s d
ticl s as ga and ni when
com es in ses t ro
g
and bines w the at or fine en
pre ith m os
acid c ipit w ate phere
or n a tes r va
f or i a p
m o tric ac s sulfu or
f ra i r
in, s d in th ic Rain water
f og now e
….. or

ACID RAIN
 Leaves of tree fall
off

Aquatic animals die

Effects monuments
 Water Pollution

Water pollution occurs when harmful substances—often chemicals or

microorganisms—contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, or other body of
water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or the
environment.
 Causes

Toxic chemicals mixing in river Dumping of plastic, garbage in river

Bathing cattle and washing clothes Oil spillage

Ozone Layer is made up of Ozone
gas. The layer is high up in the
atmosphere and is 25 kms above
the ground.
 The Ozone layer is being
destroyed due to the use of
CFC gas (Chloro-
fluorocarbons).
‘CFC’s were used in Aerosol
sprays, Refrigerators, Air
conditioners.
The CFC react with Ozone and break it down causing OZONE HOLE.

Ozone hole is not really a hole.

It is an area where there is less
Ozone than normal.
 Antarctica
is most
affected
with Ozone
hole along
with the
north pole.

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e P tor
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 Activity time!

•Take a survey on the amount of Air pollutants released by major industries in

India, their impacts of air quality index of different cities.
• Write an essay on Conserving electrcity.
• Create an awareness about Air pollution and its effects through posters, banners
etc.