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The Computer Lesson 3

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The Computer Lesson 3

Uploaded by

tomasemem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

Tip: Use graphics to set the tone

of the speech.

THE COMPUTER

LESSON 2
WHAT IS COMPUTER?

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates


information, or data. It can store, retrieve,
and process data. You may already know that you
can use a computer to type documents, send
emails, play games, and browse the Web. You can
also use it to edit or
create spreadsheets, presentations, and
even videos.
INPUT DEVICE

Input devices for interactive use, allowing text


entry, drawing, and selection from the screen:

 a piece of equipment used to provide data and


control signals to an information processing
system.
CATEGORIES OF INPUT DEVICE

• Text entry: traditional keyboard, phone text


entry, speech, and handwriting.
• Pointing: the mouse, the touchpad, stylus,
and others.
• 3D interaction devices
EXAMPLE OF TEXT ENTRY
EXAMPLE OF POINTING ENTRY
EXAMPLE OF 3D INTERACTION DEVICE
OUTPUT DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device is the most common form


of output device which
presents output visually on a computer screen.
INTERACTIVE USE OF OUTPUT DISPLAY
DEVICE

• Different types of screens mostly use some form of


bitmap display.
• Large displays and situated displays for shared and
public use.
• Digital paper may be usable shortly.
• Virtual reality systems and 3D visualization which
have special interaction and display devices
Bitmap Display

A bitmap base means that the display is made of


a fixed number of dots or pixels in a rectangular
grid. The color or intensity at each pixel is held
by the computer’s video card.
BIPMAP EXAMPLE

BAC
K
EXAMPLE OF LARGE DISPLAY

BAC
K
EXAMPLE OF DIGITAL PAPER

BAC
K
EXAMPLE OF VIRTUAL REALITY

BAC
K
MEMORY

A memory is just like a human brain. It is used to


store data and instructions. Computer memory is the
storage space in the computer where data is to be
processed and instructions required for processing
are stored. We have 2 types of memory primary and
secondary.
Primary Memory (Main Memory)

Primary memory holds only those data and


instructions on which the computer is currently
working. It has limited capacity and data is lost when
power is switched off. It is divided into two
subcategories RAM and ROM.
What is Computer RAM?

Random Access Memory(RAM) is a volatile


memory means when the computer is turned off, the
data in RAM are lost. It is the main memory of a
computer or mobile phone. You can change or erase
your data in RAM. Your computer speed will increase
with the increase in the capacity of your RAM.
Computer Memory
Types of RAM

Generally, RAM can be divided into two broad categories:


SRAM: Static RAM is much faster and more expensive than
DRAM. It often functions as cache memory. Information in
SRAM is volatile. It stores a bit of data using a transistor
memory cell.
DRAM: Dynamic RAM is slower than SRAM. It stores a bit of
data using a transistor and capacitor pair. As it is less
expensive, most computers use DRAM. It is also a volatile
memory.
What is Computer ROM?

ROM stands for Read Only Memory. The memory


from which we can only read but cannot write on it.
This type of memory is non-volatile. The
information is stored permanently in such memories
during manufacture.
Types of ROM

There are different types of ROM;

• MROM (Masked ROM)


• PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)
• EPROM (Erasable and Programmable Read Only
Memory)
• EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable
Read Only Memory)
Mask ROM: This is the type of ROM for which the data
is written during the manufacturing of the memory
chip.
PROM (Programmable Read-only Memory): The
data is written after the memory chip has been
created. It is non-volatile.
EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-only
Memory): The data on this non-volatile memory
chip can be erased by exposing it to high-intensity
UV light rays.
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable
Read-only Memory): The data on this non-volatile
memory chip can be electrically erased using electron
field emission
Secondary Memory

Secondary Memory is also known as external


memory or non-volatile. It is slower than the main
memory. These are used for storing data/Information
permanently. CPU directly does not access these
memories instead they are accessed via input-output
routines. Contents of secondary memories are first
transferred to the main memory, and then the CPU can
access it. For example disk, CD-ROM, DVD, etc.
Example of Secondary Memory

The hard disk, optical disk, and pen drive are some
of the popular examples of secondary memory or
storage of computers.
Hard disk
It is a rigid magnetic disc
that is used to store data. It
permanently stores data
and is located within a
drive unit.
Optical disk
It has a plastic coating.
The data in the optical
disc is recorded digitally
and the recorded data is
read with a laser that
scans its surface.
Pen drive
It is a compact secondary
storage device. It is
connected to a computer
through a USB port to store
or retrieve data.

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