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Wireless Systems

The document discusses the evolution of wireless communication systems from 1G to 3G technologies. It describes the key technologies used in each generation including FDMA for 1G, TDMA/FDMA for 2G GSM networks, and CDMA for 3G networks. It compares the improvements in voice quality, data rates, spectrum usage and communication security between the different generations.

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23 views

Wireless Systems

The document discusses the evolution of wireless communication systems from 1G to 3G technologies. It describes the key technologies used in each generation including FDMA for 1G, TDMA/FDMA for 2G GSM networks, and CDMA for 3G networks. It compares the improvements in voice quality, data rates, spectrum usage and communication security between the different generations.

Uploaded by

selemondoc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Wireless Communication System

Wireless Communication

• Cellular phone system


• Cordless telephone system
• Bluetooth
• Infrared communication
• Microwave communication
• IEEE Wireless LANs (Wi-Fi)
• Satellite communication
Why “Cellular”?
Three Generations

AMPS
WCDMA
NMT GSM
CDMA2000
TACS GPRS
TD SCDMA
HCMTS

1G 2G 3G
1G

• Start early 80’s


• Analogue technique
• AMPT (Advanced Mobile Phone System): North America
• NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony): North Europe
• TACS (Total Access Communication Service): Europe, China
• HCMTS (High Capacity Mobile Telephone System): Japan
FDMA

• Frequency Division Multiple Access


• Different carrier frequencies are assigned to different traffic
channels(speech)
• One carrier frequency can only carry one single speech channel at one
time
FDMA
Shortage

• Voice information only


• Unsafe （ eavesdropping ）
• Waste of frequency resource
2G

• Start early 90’s


• Digital technique
• GSM : Global System of Mobilephone
• GPRS : General Packet Radio Service
• D-AMPS : Digital AMPS
GSM

• TD/FDMA: A mix of FDMA and TDMA


• The whole useable spectrum was divided to many 200k
Hz carrier frequencies —FD
• Each carrier was divided into 8 timeslots (burst) —TD
• Each burst is assigned to a user(a logical traffic channel)
• One carrier frequency can carry up to 8 logical traffic
channels (voice or data) at the same time
• The maximum data communication rate is 14.4 kbps
FD / TDMA
Network Structure
BTS,BSC and MSC

• BTS & BSC: Base Transceiver System and Base


Station Controller. Radio signal transceiver, a connection
between handset and MSC
• MSC: Mobile services Switching Center, switching center
of the GSM network, and connect to other networks
Databases
• HLR : Home Location Register, contains static
information of subscribers and location update data
• VLR : Visitor Location Register, embedded in MSC to
avoid delay, contains current location information of
handsets
• AUC : Authentication Center, stores secret keys for
authentication and encryption of the radio channel
• EIR : Equipment Identity Register, contains a list of
all valid mobile equipment in the network, by its
International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)
GPRS

• Upgrade of existed GSM network


• Improves the data communication ability
GPRS
Network nodes

• GGSN: Gateway GSM Support Node,


• Protocol transferring, data encapsulation, a connection to external
networks
• SGSN: Service GSM Support Node,
• Communicate with HLR and mobile handsets,
authorization and admission
control, charging, mobility management
Data communications

• In GSM, one user occupies one traffic channel to


exchange voice/data information
• In GPRS, up to 8 traffic channels(a whole carrier)
can be dynamically combined together for one data
communication application
• The theoretically maximum data transmission rate:
14.4k bps * 8 = 115.2k bps
Advantages of GPRS

• Higher data rate


• Seamless connection to internet
• Packet switching rather than circuit switch, bandwidth is only used
when the data is actually used, even though it is always connected
• A primary step to 3G
shortage

• Not fast enough for the multimedia service


• The data rate falls when the network is busy
• Upgrade of handset
3G
3G-Standards

• Three CDMA standards approved by ITU:


• Direct Spread CDMA(WCDMA) : Europe, Japan
• Multi-Carrier CDMA(CDMA 2000) : North America
• TD-Synchronous CDMA(CDMA TDD) : Europe, China
3G-CDMA

• Code Division Multi Address


• Spread spectrum technology
• Each single traffic channel occupies the whole spectrum, but
distinguished by a unique digital code
• Walsh code: an orthogonal 64 bit pattern, unique in the network
CDMA
Features

• Better voice quality


• Up to 2 Mbps data communication rate
• Increase battery life
• Soft hand-off
• Excellent data safety
• More effective spectrum usage than 2G
Conclusion
Conclusion

1G 2G 3G

Voice Quality OK OK Good

Data N/A ~115K ~2M


communication
Spectrum usage X 5~6X 10~20X

Communication Weak OK Good


safety
References

• www.gsmworld.com/technology/gprs/index.html
• www.3gsmamericas.com/pdfs/EOF_Cannes_2003/
Nortel_David_Smith.pdf
• http://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Wireless/Reports/fcc98091.pdf
• www.rogers.com
• http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/wtdr_99/material/glossary.html
• www.itu.int/home/imt.html
• http://www.boeschatt.at/Mobil/mobilfunk_html.php?
gsm_netzarchitektur.php
• http://www.pt.com/products/gsmintro.html

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