MIT School of Computing

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Last Year Engineering

18BTCS703 – CLOUD COMPUTING

Class -L.Y. (SEM-I), Core-I

PLD
Unit - III
Cloud Computing Architecture

AY 2023-2024 SEM-I

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 MIT School of Computing
Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Unit-III Syllabus

● Introduction to Cloud Computing Architecture.

PLD

2
Introduction to Cloud Computing Architecture

• cloud computing technology is used by both small and large

organizations to store the information in cloud and access it from
anywhere at anytime using the internet connection.
• Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-oriented
architecture and event-driven architecture.
• Cloud computing architecture is divided into the following two parts -
• Front End
• Back End
Components of Cloud Computing Architecture

• 1. Client Infrastructure
• Client Infrastructure is a Front end component. It provides GUI (Graphical User Interface) to interact
with the cloud.
• 2. Application
• The application may be any software or platform that a client wants to access.
• 3. Service
• A Cloud Services manages that which type of service you access according to the client’s
requirement.
• Cloud computing offers the following three type of services:
• i. Software as a Service (SaaS) – It is also known as cloud application services. Mostly, SaaS
applications run directly through the web browser means we do not require to download and install
these applications. Some important example of SaaS is given below –
• Example: Google Apps, Salesforce Dropbox, Slack, Hubspot, Cisco WebEx.
• ii. Platform as a Service (PaaS) – It is also known as cloud platform services. It is quite similar to
SaaS, but the difference is that PaaS provides a platform for software creation, but using SaaS, we
can access software over the internet without the need of any platform.
Continue

• Example: Windows Azure, Force.com, Magento Commerce Cloud,

OpenShift.
• iii. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – It is also known as cloud
infrastructure services. It is responsible for managing applications
data, middleware, and runtime environments.
• Example: Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2, Google Compute Engine
(GCE), Cisco Metapod.
Cloud Computing Reference Model

• The cloud computing reference model is an abstract model that divides a

cloud computing environment into abstraction layers and cross-layer
functions to characterize and standardize its functions. This reference
model divides cloud computing activities and functions into three cross-
layer functions and five logical layers.
• Each of these layers describes different things that might be present in a
cloud computing environment, such as computing systems, networking,
storage equipment, virtualization software, security measures, control
and management software, and so forth. It also explains the connections
between these organizations. The five layers are the Physical layer,
virtual layer, control layer, service orchestration layer, and service layer.
Cloud Computing reference model

• Cloud Computing reference model is divided into 3 major service models:

• Software as a Service (SaaS)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• 1. SaaS
• Software as a Service (SaaS) is a form of application delivery that
relieves users of the burden of software maintenance while making
development and testing easier for service providers.
• Features of SaaS are as follows:
• The cloud consumer has full control over all the cloud services.
• The provider has full control over software applications-based services.
• The cloud provider has partial control over the implementation of cloud services.
• The consumer has limited control over the implementation of these cloud services.
• 2. PaaS
• Platform as a Service is a strategy that offers a high level of abstraction
to make a cloud readily programmable in addition to infrastructure-
oriented clouds that offer basic compute and storage capabilities (PaaS).
Developers can construct and deploy apps on a cloud platform without
necessarily needing to know how many processors or how much
memory their applications would use. A PaaS offering that provides a
scalable environment for creating and hosting web applications is Google
App Engine, for instance.
• Features of PaaS layer are as follows:
• The cloud provider has entire rights or control over the provision of cloud services to
consumers.
• The cloud consumer has selective control based on the resources they need or have
opted for on the application server, database, or middleware.
• Consumers get environments in which they can develop their applications or databases.
These environments are usually very visual and very easy to use.
• Provides options for scalability and security of the user’s resources.
• Services to create workflows and websites.
• Services to connect users’ cloud platforms to other external platforms.
• 3. IaaS
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offers storage and computer resources
that developers and IT organizations use to deliver custom/business
solutions. IaaS delivers computer hardware (servers, networking
technology, storage, and data center space) as a service. It may also
include the delivery of OS and virtualization technology to manage the
resources. Here, the more important point is that IaaS customers rent
computing resources instead of buying and installing them in their data
centers. The service is typically
• paid for on a usage basis. The service may include dynamic scaling so
that if the customers need more resources than expected, they can get
them immediately.
• The control of the IaaS layer is as follows:
• The consumer has full/partial control over the infrastructure of the cloud, servers, and
databases.
• The consumer has control over the Virtual Machines' implementation and maintenance.
• The consumer has a choice of already installed VM machines with pre-installed
Operating systems.
• The cloud provider has full control over the data centers and the other hardware
involved in them.
• It has the ability to scale resources based on the usage of users.
• It can also copy data worldwide so that data can be accessed from anywhere in the
world as soon as possible.
Cloud computing deployment models (Types)

• Cloud computing also has 4 deployment models, which are as follows:

• 1. Public
• This is the model where cloud infrastructure and resources are given to the public
via a public network. These models are generally owned by companies that sell
cloud services.
• 2. Private
• This is the model where cloud infrastructure and resources are only accessible by
the cloud consumer. These models are generally owned by cloud consumers
themselves or a third party.
• 3. Community
• This is the model where a group of cloud consumers might share their
cloud infrastructure and resources as they may have the same goal and policies to be
achieved. These models are owned by organizations or third-party.
• 4. Hybrid
• This model consists of a mixture of different deployment models like public, private, or
community. This helps in the exchange of data or applications between various models.
Economics of Cloud Computing

• Economics of Cloud Computing is based on the PAY AS YOU GO

method. Users/Customers must have to pay only for their way of the
usage of the cloud services. It is definitely beneficial for the users. So the
Cloud is economically very convenient for all. Another side is to eliminate
some indirect costs which is generated by assets such as license of the
software and their support. In the cloud, users can use software
applications on a subscription basis without any cost because the
property of the software providing service remains to the cloud provider.
• Economical background of the cloud is more useful for developers in
the following ways:
• Pay as you go model offered by cloud providers.
• Scalable and Simple.
• Cloud Computing Allows:
• Reduces the capital costs of infrastructure.
• Removes the maintenance cost.
• Removes the administrative cost.
• There are three different Pricing Strategies that are introduced by Cloud
Computing: Tiered Pricing, Per-unit Pricing, and Subscription-based
Pricing. These are explained as following below.
• Tiered Pricing: Cloud Services are offered in the various tiers. Each tier offers to fix
service agreements at a specific cost. Amazon EC2 uses this kind of pricing.
• Per-unit Pricing: The model is based upon the unit-specific service concept. Data
transfer and memory allocation include in this model for specific units. GoGrid uses this
kind of pricing in terms of RAM/hour.
• Subscription-based Pricing: In this model, users are paying periodic subscription fees
for the usage of the software.
Open Challenges

• The most common challenges that are faced when dealing with cloud
computing,
• 1. Data Security and Privacy
• 2. Cost Management
• 3. Multi-Cloud Environments
• 4. Performance Challenges
• 5. Interoperability and Flexibility
• 6. High Dependence on Network
• 7. Lack of Knowledge and Expertise
Cloud interoperability
and standard scalability
• Interoperability :
It is defined as the capacity of at least two systems or applications to
trade with data and utilize it. On the other hand, cloud interoperability is
the capacity or extent at which one cloud service is connected with the
other by trading data as per strategy to get results.
• Major Scenarios where interoperability and portability is required :
Cloud Standards Custom Council (CSCC) has identified some of the
basic scenarios where portability and interoperability is required.
• Switching between cloud service providers –
The customer wants to transfer data or applications from Cloud 1 to Cloud 2.
• Using multiple cloud service providers-
The client may subscribe to the same or different services e.g. Cloud 1 and 2.
• Directly linked cloud services-
The customer can use the service by linking to Cloud 1 and Cloud 3.
• Hybrid Cloud configuration-
Here the customer connects with a legacy system not in a public, but, private cloud, i.e.
Cloud 1, which is then connected to public cloud services i.e. Cloud 3.
• Cloud Migration-
Clients migrate to one or more in-house applications to Cloud 1.
Cloud fault tolerance security

• Cloud fault tolerance simply means your infrastructure is capable of

supporting uninterrupted functionality of your applications despite failures
of components. In a cloud computing setting that may be due to
autoscaling across geographic zones or in the same data centers.
Trust and privacy

• Cloud security, also known as cloud computing security, is a collection of

security measures designed to protect cloud-based infrastructure,
applications, and data. These measures ensure user and device
authentication, data and resource access control, and data privacy
protection.
THANK You