STEEL
Ar. Hanee Kevin C. Valdez
STEEL
An alloy of iron and other elements, including
carbon.
STAINLESS STEEL
To inhibit corrosion, at least 11% chromium is
added to steel so that a hard oxide forms on the
metal surface.
CORRUGATED
GALVANIZED IRON
a building material composed of sheets of hot-
dip galvanized mild steel, cold-rolled to produce
a linear corrugated pattern in them.
MILD STEEL (MS)
a type of steel that contains only a small
amount of carbon & other elements.
It is softer & can be shaped more easily.
It is used in nails and some types of wire, it
can be used to make bottle openers, chairs,
staplers, staples, railings and most common
metal products.
BAR IRON
(WROUGHT IRON)
“Worked Iron”
an iron alloy with a very low carbon content in.
It is tough, malleable, ductile and easily welded.
REBAR
(SHORT FOR REINFORCING BAR)
a common steel bar
commonly used as a tensioning device in reinforced concrete
and reinforced masonry structures holding the concrete in
compression.
It is usually in the form of carbon steel bars or wires, and the
surfaces may be deformed for a better bond with the concrete.
STEEL VS.
WROUGHT IRON
-
COLD-FORMED VS.
HOT-FORMED
In cold forming, steel is shaped by means of
bending, rolling, or pressing the steel into its
desired shape without the use of heat.
In hot forming, steel is heated to high
temperatures (typically above 1700°F or
925°C) before being shaped.
STAINLESS STEEL
CHARACTERISTICS
Low Maintenance.
Resistant to corrosion and staining.
Low Tensile Strength.
USES
Mainly decorative, due to the variety of finishes
available
STAINLESS STEEL
EXAMPLE
PETRONAS TOWER
Cladded in Grade 316 stainless
316 is the standard molybdenum-
bearing grade with better overall
corrosion resistant properties,
particularly higher resistance to
pitting and crevice corrosion in
chloride environments.
GALVANIZED IRON
CHARACTERISTICS
Although galvanizing (dipping in zinc to help
prevent rusting)
Inhibits the corrosion of steel, rusting is inevitable,
especially in marine areas - where the salt water
encourages rust
Areas where the local rainfall is acidic.
Corrugated steel roofs can last for many years if
protected by a layer of paint.
GALVANIZED IRON
SIZES
Common sizes of corrugated material can range
from a very thin 30 gauge (.012 inches = 0.305
mm) to a relatively thick 6 gauge (.1943 inches =
4.94 mm).
INSTALLATION
Same pitch of 3 inches (76 mm) (typical), with an
overlap of 150mm for waterproofing.
GALVANIZED IRON SHEETS
G.I. SHEETS
GALVANIZED IRON SHEETS
CONSTRUCTION ROOFING
TOP CHORD TAHILAN
BOTTOM CHORD
BARAKILAN
PURLINS REOSTRA
TRUSS KILO
KING POST PENDULON
GUSSET PLATE _______
WEB MEMBER ________
TYPICAL STEEL MEMBERS USED IN CONSTRUCTION
-ROOF FRAMING
TYPICAL STEEL MEMBERS USED IN CONSTRUCTION
-ROOF FRAMING
TYPICAL STEEL MEMBERS USED IN CONSTRUCTION
-ROOF FRAMING
TYPICAL STEEL MEMBERS USED IN CONSTRUCTION
- DETAIL
TYPICAL STEEL MEMBERS USED IN CONSTRUCTION
- BUILDING STRUCTURAL FRAMING
TYPICAL STEEL MEMBERS USED IN CONSTRUCTION
- BUILDING STRUCTURAL FRAMING
TYPICAL STEEL MEMBERS USED IN CONSTRUCTION
- BUILDING STRUCTURAL FRAMING
FORM OF CONSTRUCTION
ONE-WAY BEAM SYSTEM
each pair of external columns supports a long-
spanning beam or girders.
suitable for long, narrow buildings, especially
when a column-free space is desired.
FORM OF
CONSTRUCTION
TWO-WAY BEAM SYSTEM
each pair of external columns
supports a long-spanning beam or
girders.
suitable for long, narrow buildings,
especially when a column-free
space is desired.
Steel girders span the short axis of
a building bay thus contributing to
the lateral stability of the structure.
FORM OF CONSTRUCTION
THREE-WAY BEAM SYSTEM
is used when a large column-free space is required, where long-
spanning plate girders or trusses can be used to carry the primary
beam, which in turn support a layer of secondary beams.
