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Performance Calculation of Condenser: Presented By, V.Prabhu 15M636 5 Yr BE SW Mech

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Balaji Raja
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54 views17 pages

Performance Calculation of Condenser: Presented By, V.Prabhu 15M636 5 Yr BE SW Mech

Uploaded by

Balaji Raja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Performance calculation of

condenser

Presented by,
V.Prabhu
15M636
5th Yr BE Sw Mech
Condenser efficiency
• Condenser efficiency is defined as the ratio of temperature raise of cooling
water to the difference between vacuum temperature and inlet cooling
water temperature
• ᶯc = temperature rise of cooling water/(vacuum temperature- inlet cooling
water temperature)
• ᶯc = (to – ti ) / (tv-ti)
• Where,
• to= outlet temperature of cooling water.
• ti= inlet temperature of cooling water.
• tv= vacuum temperature
Vacuum efficiency
• The minimum absolute pressure (also called as ideal pressure) at the
steam inlet of a condenser is the pressure corresponding to the
temperature of the condensed steam.
• The corresponding vacuum (called ideal vacuum) is the maximum vacuum
that can be obtained in a condensing plant, with no air present at that
temperature.
• The pressure in the actual condenser is greater than the ideal pressure by
an amount equal to the pressure of air present in the condenser.
Vacuum efficiency….
• The ratio of the actual vacuum to the ideal vacuum is known as vacuum
efficiency.
• Vacuum efficiency ᶯv= actual vacuum /ideal vacuum
• Actual vacuum= barometric pressure- actual pressure
• Ideal vacuum = barometric pressure- ideal pressure
Daltons law of partial pressure

“The total pressure exerted by mixture of gases or a mixture of


gas and vapors (which have no chemical action on each other) is
equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the constituents of the
mixture, if it occupies the volume of mixture at temperature of
mixture”.
Daltons law of partial pressure….
• So according to Daltons law total pressure in the condenser is,

• Pc = P s + P a

• Where ,
Pc= total pressure in condenser
Ps= partial pressure of steam
Pa= partial pressure of air.

• Total mass of mixture in condenser shell is,


m = ma + ms
= ma (1+ ) = ma (1+ ) i.e.,(V = m.v)
= ms (1+ ) = ms (1+ )
Problem
Exhaust steam having a quality of 0.9 enters surface condenser at an
absolute pressure of 0.13 bar and comes out as water at 45ºC. The
circulating water enters at 30ºC and leaves at 40ºC. Estimate the quantity of
circulating water and the condenser efficiency.
Solution
Solution…
Problem

The following readings were taken during a test on a surface condenser

Mean condenser temperature = 35ºC, Hot well temperature = 30ºC, condenser vacuum
= 69cm Hg, barometer reading 76cm Hg. Condensate collected 16kg/min. Cooling water
enters at 20ºC and leaves at 32.5ºC, flowrate being 37500kg/hr. Calculate
a) Mass of air present per m3 of condenser,
b) Quality of steam at condenser inlet
c) Vacuum efficiency and
d) Condenser efficiency
Solution…
Factors affecting condenser efficiency

• Thermal load
• Cooling tubes fouling
• The amount of air leaking into the condenser
Case study - 1

Performance analysis of dual pressure condenser


Case study - 1

• Deviation due to cooling water


inlet temperature, water flow
rate and condenser pressure.

• Total efficiency of a power plant


is found to be reduced by 2.7%
due to these deviations in the
condenser.
Case study - 2
A study was performed on performance characteristics of an air-
cooled condenser under ambient conditions
Case study - 2

• External cleaning improves air side heat transfer coefficient


• Ambient conditions affect the steam temperature and heat
rejection rate.
• It is observed that rise in wind velocity decreases thermal
effectiveness of ACC up to considerable level
• Wind walls are used to reduce this effect and second option is
to increase fan speed
Thank You

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