GETTING USED TO ALGEBRA

ALGEBRA IS WHERE YOU USE LETTERS TO REPRESENT

NUMBERS

AIMS:
• TO GET TO GRIPS WITH THE ALGEBRA IDEA
• TO SOLVE SIMPLE ALGEBRAIC PROBLEMS

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 1

EXAMPLE

ALEX HAS SOME SWEETS, WE DO NOT KNOW HOW MANY

SWEETS ALEX HAS….

SO WE CAN SAY ‘ALEX HAS X SWEETS’

IF ALEX IS GIVEN 5 MORE SWEETS, HOW MANY SWEETS HAS HE

GOT?
X+5
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 2
EXAMPLE

BOB HAS SOME TOYS, WE DO NOT KNOW HOW MANY TOYS HE

HAS….

SO WE CAN SAY ‘BOB HAS M TOYS’

IF BOB BUYS 6 MORE TOYS, HOW MANY TOYS HAS HE NOW

GOT?
M+6
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 3
ANOTHER EXAMPLE

BILL CATCHES Y FISH.

BEN TAKES 3 AWAY FROM HIM.

HOW MANY FISH DOES BILL NOW HAVE?

Y-3
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 4
A THIRD EXAMPLE

FRED HAS X DVDS

FRANK HAS Y DVDS

HOW MANY DVDS DO THEY HAVE ALTOGETHER?

X+Y
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 5
QUESTIONS

w–2
USE ALGEBRA TO WRITE:
1) 2 LESS THAN W d+3
2) 3 MORE THAN D c+5
3) 5 TOGETHER WITH C
f+g
4) F MORE THAN G
q-p
5) P LESS THAN Q
7-m
6) M LESS THAN 7
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 6
ADDING AND SUBTRACTING
WITH LETTERS
3a
A+A+A=

5b
B+B+B+B+B=

C+C–C+C=
2c

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 7

QUESTIONS
1) A + A = 2a
2) C + C + C + C =
3) P - P + P = 4c
4) V + V + V + V - V + V = p
5) B + B + B – B =
4v
6) N - N + N + N + N - N + N =
7) H - H =
2b
8) G + G + G - G 3n
0
2g
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 8
ADDING EXPRESSIONS & TERMS

6a
2A + 4A =

a
6A – 5A =

7A – 4A + 10A =
13a

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 9

 QUESTIONS
1) 5C + 7C 12c 10) 3W + 9W – 5W 7w
2) 9D – 4D 5d 11) 2G + 5G – 3G 4g
3) 2S + 12S 14s 12) 7F – 4F + 9F 12f
4) 13A – 5A 8a 13) 5B + 50B 55b
5) 4E – E + 3E 6e 14) 75J – 43J 32j
6) 6E – 2E + 5E 9e 15) 34P + 12P – 5P 41p
7) 12E – 10E 2e 16) 3M – M + M + 5M 8m
8) 3H – 2H + H 2h 17) D – D + D - D 0
9) 4R – R + 5R 8r 18) 4F + 10F - 13F f
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 10
GOING NEGATIVE

-2a
3A – 5A =

-3p
5P + 4P – 12P =

-5A + 2A – 7A =
-10a

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 11

 WORKING WITH ALGEBRA

AIMS:
 TO BE ABLE TO COLLECT LIKE TERMS IN ORDER TO
SIMPLIFY ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

 TO BE ABLE TO MULTIPLY TERMS TOGETHER AND EXPAND

THE BRACKETS FROM AN EXPRESSION

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 12

EXAMPLE 1

3A + 4B + 2A + 6B =

FIRSTLY COLLECT LIKE-TERMS…

3A + 2A + 4B + 6B =

5A + 10B
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 13
EXAMPLE 2

-3A + 2B – 4A + 6B

COLLECT LIKE-TERMS

-3A – 4A + 2B + 6B

-7A + 8B
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 14
EXAMPLE 3

-4A + 9B + 3A - 12B

COLLECT LIKE-TERMS

-4A + 3A + 9B – 12B

- A – 3B
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 15
 AIMS

 TO BE ABLE TO SIMPLIFY EXPRESSIONS (INCLUDING

EXPRESSIONS WITH INDICES)

 TO BE ABLE TO EXPAND BRACKETS AND SIMPLIFY

 TO BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THE 3 LAWS OF INDICES

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 16

 SIMPLIFY EACH EXPRESSION…
1) 5A – 4Y – 11A + 2Y 6) 3D – 5E – 4D + 2E
-6a - 2y -d – 3e
2) -4F + 6G – 7F – 3G 7) P + 8R – 7P + 2R + 3P
-11f + 3g -3p + 10r
3) 4M + 9N – 6M - 14N 8) 9X + 3X – 8 - 2X + 3
-2m – 5n 10x – 5
4) -4T + 7Y – 10T + 5Y 9) A – 6B + 2A + 3B - 3A
-14t + 12y -3b
5) 1 + 2R – 7 – 7R 10) 3G + 2H – 3H + 2G
-6 – 5r 5g – h
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 17
 HARDER SIMPLIFICATION…
(REMEMBER, A, A2 AND A3 ARE COMPLETELY
1)DIFFERENT
4A – 5ATERMS)
2
+ 2A + 3A2 = 6a – 2a2

2) 5H2 + 2H3 – 10H2 – 3H3 = -5h2 –h3

3) 3X2 – 4X – 5X2 + X = – 3x-2x2

4) -4T2 + 7T – 10T2 + 5T3 = 7t -14t2 + 5t3

5) R + 2R – 7R – 7R – 2R =
2 2 2 -13r 2
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 18
 MULTIPLYING TERMS
TOGETHER

WHEN TWO TERMS IN ALGEBRA ARE BEING MULTIPLIED

TOGETHER, THEY ARE SIMPLY WRITTEN NEXT TO EACH
OTHER.

E.G. 3A MEANS 3 X A
AND EFG MEANS E X F X G

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 19

 MULTIPLYING TERMS
TOGETHER

SIMPLIFY:
8ab
2A X 4B =

20cde
10C X 2DE =

3W X 4Y X 5Z =
60wyz
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 20
QUESTIONS – SIMPLE
MULTIPLICATION
56abpq
1) 7AB X 8PQ
30afh
2) 3F X 2H X 5A 12abcdef
3) 3ABC X 4DEF
125g
4) 5G X 25
5) 5MN X 2PQ X 4 40mnpq
6) 5F X G X H X 2J 10fghj
7) 3W X 4D X 2H X YZ
24dhwyz
8) 7PQR X 4ABC X 2H
56abchpqr
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 21
QUESTIONS – REVERSE
MULTIPLICATION
10c
4g= 70ABC
1) 7AB X ___
2) 3F X ___ X 5H =d60FGH
3) 3ABC X ___ = 3ABCD
4
4) 5G X ___ = 20G
5) 5MN X ___ X p
4 = 20MNP
6) 5F X ___ X4h
2G = 40FGH
7) 3W X ___ X 2V X YZ = 24VWYZ
4
8) 4BC X ___ X 2AD = 80ABCDE
10e
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 22
 DIVIDING ALGEBRAIC TERMS

SIMPLIFY:
2a
8A ÷ 4 =

10AB ÷ 2A = 5b

20PQ
PQ =
20
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 23
AIMS:
POWERS
TO REMEMBER HOW TO WORK OUT THE HCF & LCM FROM ANY
GIVEN PAIR OF NUMBERS

TO BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND HOW INDICES (POWERS) WORK IN

ALGEBRA

TO BE ABLE TO MANIPULATE THE POWERS IN AN EXPRESSION IN

ORDER TO SIMPLIFY IT

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 24

 POWERS RULES
AXA= a2 Rule 1:
When you multiply
powers of the same letter
AXAXAXA=
a4 or number you add the
indices…
BUT, WHAT IS A2 X A4?
IT’S (A X A) X (A X A X A X A) =
WHAT DID YOU DO WITH THE POWERS? a6
YOU ADDED THEM!

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 25

INDICES QUESTIONS

A3 X A 6 X A 2 = a11

C3 X C5 X C =
1 c9
2Y2 X 4Y5 =
8y7
3M3 X 4M5 =

12m8
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 26
HARDER INDICES QUESTIONS

Q1. 2A3B6 X A6B2 = 2a9b8

3C5D4 X 5C2D4 =
Q2. 15c7d8
2AB4 X 4A2B3 =
Q3. 8a3b7
3MNP3 X 4MN2P5 =

Q4. 12m2n3p8
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 27
 POWERS
AXAXAXAXA= a
5 Rule 2:
When you divide powers
of the same letter or
AXAXA=
a3 number you subtract the
indices…
BUT, WHAT IS A5 A 3?
(A X A X A) =
IT’S (A X A X A X A X A)


WHAT DID YOU DO WITH THE POWERS? a2
YOU SUBTRACTED THEM!

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 28

INDICES QUESTIONS

A6  A 2 = a4

C3  C5 =
c-2
3Y2 X 4Y5 =
2Y 3 6y4

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 29

HARDER INDICES QUESTIONS

Q1. 4A6 X 8A2 = 16a-1

2A9

30Y2 X 4Y5 =
6Q2.
XY 4 20y3

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 30

 POWERS
AXAXA= a3 Rule 3:
When you raise a power
by another power
WHAT DO YOU THINK IS…
(separated by brackets)
(A3)2 you multiply the
= A3 X A3 = indices…
a6 what did you do
with the powers
here?

multiplied them!

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 31

INDICES QUESTIONS

Q1. (A2)4 X (A3)2 = a14

4(A2)3 =
Q2. 4a6
(4A2)3 =
Q3. 64a6
(5AB3)2 =

Q4. 25a2b6

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 32

 HAVE YOU REALLY UNDERSTOOD
INDICES??
WE’LL SEE…
SIMPLIFY THIS…

(2a )  4(a )  ((a ) )

4 5 3 6 5 6 2

a  a  ( 2a )
7 19 9 3

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 33

 EXPANDING THE BRACKETS

EXPAND THESE EXPRESSIONS:

3a + 3b
3(A + B) =

4y + 24
4(Y + 6) =

2(2A + 3B – 4C) =
4a + 6b – 8c
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 34
EXPAND THE BRACKETS…
8p - 48
1) 4(2P – 12) =
10a + 20b
2) 5(2A + 4B) = 12c – 12b
3) 3(4C – 4B) =
21e + 14f – 28g
4) 7(3E + 2F – 4G) =
5) 9(6W + 2Y – 7Z) = 54w + 18y – 63z
6) 10(3B – 9M) = 30b – 90m
7) 6(-6J – 7M) =
-36j – 42m
8) 5(4A – 3B) =
20a – 15b
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 35
 FACTORISING

AIMS:

• TO REMEMBER HOW TO EXPAND BRACKETS, INCLUDING

EXPRESSIONS WITH INDICES

• TO LEARN WHAT THE PROCESS FACTORISING IS AND BE

ABLE TO APPLY IT TO ANY EXPRESSION

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 36

 FACTORISING

REMINDER OF HOW TO EXPAND BRACKETS:

4(2M – 5) = 8m - 20
WHAT IS FACTORISING THEN?

Q1. 8M – 20 =

4 ( 2m - 5 )

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 37

 FACTORISING

Q2.

25A – 30B = 5 ( 2m - 5 )
Q3.

40A + 6A2 =

2a ( 20 + 3a )

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 38

 ADDING BRACKETED
EXPRESSIONS
AIMS:

 TO BE ABLE TO MULTIPLY OUT THE BRACKETS FROM

EXPRESSIONS…

 … AND THEN COLLECT LIKE-TERMS AND SIMPLIFY

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 39

ADDING BRACKETED
EXPRESSIONS

4(A + 5B) + 3(7A – B) =

4A + 20B + 21A – 3B =

25A + 17B

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 40

ADDING BRACKETED
EXPRESSIONS

2(7A – 6B) + 6(3A + B) =

14A – 12B + 18A + 6B =

32A – 6B

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 41

QUESTIONS
18a – 26b
1) 7(2A – 4B) + 2(2A + B)
12y + 13w
2) 2(3Y – W) + 3(2Y + 5W)
14p – 11q
3) 4(P + Q) + 5(2P – 3Q)

4) 6(2N + M) + 2(N – M)
14n + 4m

5) 2(4S + R) + 7(2S – 3R) 22s – 19r

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 42
SUBTRACTING BRACKETED
EXPRESSIONS

3(2A – 4B) – 2(A + 2B) =

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 43

SUBTRACTING BRACKETED
EXPRESSIONS

3(2A – 4B) – 2(A + 2B) =

6A – 12B – 2A – 4B =

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 44

SUBTRACTING BRACKETED
EXPRESSIONS

3(2A – 4B) – 2(A + 2B) =

6A – 12B – 2A – 4B =

4A – 16B

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 45

SUBTRACTING BRACKETED
EXPRESSIONS

3(2P + 3Q) – 4(P – 2Q) =

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 46

SUBTRACTING BRACKETED
EXPRESSIONS

3(2P + 3Q) – 4(P – 2Q) =

6P + 9Q - 4P + 8Q =

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 47

SUBTRACTING BRACKETED
EXPRESSIONS

3(2P + 3Q) – 4(P – 2Q) =

6P + 9Q - 4P + 8Q =

2P + 17Q

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 48

INVISIBLE 1

7(M – 2N) – (M – 3N) =

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 49

INVISIBLE 1

7(M – 2N) – (M – 3N) =

7M – 14N – M + 3N =

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 50

INVISIBLE 1

7(M – 2N) – (M – 3N) =

7M – 14N – M + 3N =

6M - 11N

Friday 10 May 2024 Page 51

QUESTIONS

1) 3(4N + 5M) – 5(2N – 4M)

2) 5(N – 2M) – (M + 2N)

3) 3(2N + 6M) – 6(N – 2M)

4) 2(3N – M) – 7(N – 5M)

5) 8(5N – M) – 2(2N + M)
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 52
QUESTIONS

1) 3(4N + 5M) – 5(2N – 4M)

2) 5(N – 2M) – (M + 2N)

3) 3(2N + 6M) – 6(N – 2M)

4) 2(3N – M) – 7(N – 5M)

5) 8(5N – M) – 2(2N + M)
Friday 10 May 2024 Page 53