CHAPTER-1

Introduction to safety
Course Learning Objectives/Outcomes
Upon completion of this chapter, the student will be able to:

Understand the importance and need of safety in engineering industries and various
terms related to HSE.
INTRODUCTION
• Healthy employees are highly essential for any successful
business and manufacturing enterprises
• Safety is aimed at accident free work environment
• Industrial accidents results in substantial loss of
production time, injuries that involves temporary or
permanent disablement and even deaths
• Such accidents are also resulting in damage to
machineries, equipment, infrastructure, and other
resources that adversely affects the profits and growth of
the company as well
• So it is essential to identify the causes of industrial
accidents, examine and analyze it and take necessary
steps in controlling and eliminating them
 NEED TO SAFETY
An accident is caused due to the presence of an unsafe condition and an unsafe act in the
form of inappropriate behaviour.
Examples of unsafe conditions are as below
• Defective fittings • Poor layout design
• Faulty equipment • Improper guarding of machineries &
• Inadequate maintenance rotating equipment
• Damaged electrical fitting & cables • Defective lifting machines & slings
• Use of defective tools • Unguarded pits & floor platforms
• Visibility issues and blind spots on • Inadequacy of warnings
gangways and aisles • Poor housekeeping

Unsafe Condition https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aRF1chipKQ8

Unsafe condition and acts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6K3ALnByAmc
 NEED TO SAFETY
Examples of unsafe acts are as below
• Performing a task without being • Over speeding while working
authorized • Improper use or not using the personal
• Ignoring the warnings protective equipment like helmet shoes
• Misuse or not using safety devices etc.
• Maintenance without lockout / tag out • Taking shortcuts while working
• Improper material handling • Poor housekeeping
• Waiting or taking rest below the lifting • Usage of defective equipment
equipment and hung loads
To prevent accidents attempts are to be taken to eliminate the unsafe conditions
of the working environment and avoidance of unsafe acts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukuoS-MIaLU
Unsafe Condition, Unsafe Act, Near Miss and
Accidents Example of rusty lifting gear

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=piuIRmKeGMw
 NEED TO SAFETY
Domino Theory of causation of accidents as
developed by H W Heinrich states that all
accidents whether inside or outside workplace
are resulting from a chain of events and
generally 88% of such mishaps results from
unsafe acts, 10% occurring due to unsafe
conditions and just 2% are resulted due to
natural calamities.
 NEED TO SAFETY
Needs of safety is generally considered in four broad areas: Social, Management, Legal
and Humanitarian.

Social need is to eliminate or mitigate the damages that might result in terms of loss of
earning capacity, sufferings etc.
Management need to address the huge cost that result from accidents directly and
indirectly that includes damage of equipment, medical expenses, compensation to the
affected etc.
Legal need is due to the statutes and laws by various governmental regulatory agencies
Humanitarian need is basically intended the prevention of occurrence of accidents
 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Occupational health enables the individual in a
workplace to undertake their work by getting
minimum exposure to the unhealthy conditions
and least harm to their health.
International Labour Organization (ILO) and
World Health Organization (WHO) policies on
occupational health have three main objectives.
• Maintenance of workers’ health and their
capacity
• Improvement of working condition and work
environment conducive to safety and health of
people involved
• Development of workplace so as to promote
work cultures that aligns health and safety,
increased efficiency, and positive social climate
 PROCESS AND PRODUCTION SAFETY
Process safety is a main factor in process industries like Oil & Gas

Robust processes are highly necessary due to the presence of potential risk elements in both
the upstream and downstream industries.

Process safety considerations are

• Handling of hazardous substances

• Robustness in operating and maintenance practices

• Release of energy and hazardous materials

• Prevention of fires, explosions & accidents

 MATERIAL SAFETY
Material safety focusses on receiving, storage, supply
and handling of materials in general and hazardous
chemicals and agents in particular.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a

comprehensive document which tells all the potential
hazards that may be related to the specific material

It also states how it can be safely identified, stored,

handled, symptoms of overexposure and emergency
handling procedures.
 FIRE SAFETY
Fire safety deals with
• Types of fires
• Safe practices to be followed to prevent the
occurrence fire
• Reduce the magnitude of destruction caused
from fire
• Possible methods of controlling the fire from
being spread
• Development of fire safety plans
• Training on fire safety
• Dealing with fire hazards
 ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Electrical safety discusses various topics
• Hazards of electricity
• Science of electrical hazards
• List of various electrical safety equipment
• Safe procedures while working with electricity
• Grounding of electrical equipment
• Electrical maintenance
• Legal and regulatory standards
• Rescue and first aid in case of electrical accidents
 BUILDING AND STRUCTURAL SAFETY
Building and structural safety encompasses mainly three areas:

• Structural integrity and robustness of the building including

elevators, HVAC systems, escalators, gas lines, electric
cables, and circuit breakers etc.

• Prevention of accidents from falls from higher altitudes,

structural safety and effects of earthquakes, cyclones,
flooding etc.

• Protect the construction workers: working at height, handling

of heavy material, using power tools, working with cranes,
winches, hoists, working on scaffoldings, against noise, dust,
vibrations and temperature etc.
 ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
Environmental safety study, analyze and
implement practical solutions for protecting the
environment and assuring sustainability of
environment and maintain a healthy occupation of
the population.

Environmental management standards - ISO

14000 assures sustainable developmental
requirements
SAFETY SIGNS AND COLOUR CODING
SAFETY SIGNS AND COLOUR CODING
SAFETY SIGNS
SAFETY SIGNS
SAFETY SIGNS
SAFETY SIGNS
 SAFETY SIGNS
MANDATORY SIGNS
 SAFETY SIGNS - VIDEOS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2bhnqAHLVo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsIDikLcBUk
 IMPORTANT TERMS GLOSSARY
Safety: Freedom from undesirable risk of injury
or damage or control over hazards and
hazardous conditions
Hazard: Act, Source and Situation that might
lead to injury, ill health, death, damage to
property or a combination of all these.
Risk: Combination of the probability and
severity of a hazardous or harmful event
happening. Risk can be quantified as the
product of probability of occurrence of an event
and severity of the damage or destruction
resulting from that event.
Accident: It is an event that has occurred
unintentionally and is resulting in a damage,
injury or fatality or combination of these
 IMPORTANT TERMS GLOSSARY
Incident: It is an event that has occurred
unintentionally and may not result in damage,
injury or fatality.
Near Miss: An unplanned event that did not result
in damage, injury or fatality but could have done
so. This might shake up the employees affect the
morale of the people even though they are not
injured.
Reportable Injury: If a person has encountered a
sustained injury and is unable to report to his work
within 48 hours of the accident, it is a reportable
injury.
Non-Compliance: Any deviation from the
accepted practices, operating procedures,
standards, management requirements etc. that
could directly or indirectly result in damage, injury,
illness, fatality, damage of capital assets, loss of
property or combination of these.
 IMPORTANT TERMS GLOSSARY
Occupational Safety and Health Administration:
OSHA is the regulatory agency, established to
assure the safety and healthy working condition of
industrial workers by means of enforcing standards,
training, outreach programs etc.
ISO 14000: It is an environmental management
system that covers of necessary requirements of
accomplishing sustainable environment objectives
while performing the entire business from
manufacturing, distribution, product disposal and
treatment of effluents.
Safety Audit: Assessment of health and safety
program to ensure the compliance of safe practices
as documented and is carried out for specific
locations and centers by a trained and authorized
professional.
 IMPORTANT TERMS GLOSSARY
PPE: Personal Protective Equipment is an
equipment worn by the operator in the
workplace with an objective to minimize the
exposure to hazards and reduce the effects of
injuries that might occur.
HAZMAT: They are hazardous materials that
may pose risk to health or environment such as
toxic chemicals, nuclear waste, fuels etc.
HSE: Health Safety and Environment
 CONCLUSION
This course is about you and the people around you inside and outside workplace
returning home safe everyday.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFNIvW9BmIg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-opN-c7hajY