Subnetting and S

upernetting

September, 2000

Prof. Choong Seon HONG

Kyung Hee Universit

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 Introduction
 Subnetting
A network is divided into several smaller networks with e
ach subnetwork (or subnet) having its subnetwork addres
s

 Supernetting
Combining several class C addresses to create a larger ra
nge of addresses

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 Subnetting
 Class A, B, C in IP addressing are designed with two levels of hierarchy (not subne
tted)
Netid and Hostid

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 Subnetting (cont’d)
 Further division of a network into smaller networks called subnetw
orks

 R1 differentiating subnets

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 Subnetting (cont’d)
 Three levels of hierarchy : netid, subnetid, and hostid

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 Subnetting (cont’d)
 Three steps of the routing for an IP datagram
Delivery to the site, delivery to the subnetwork, and delive
ry to the host

 Hierarchy concept in a telephone number

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 5.2 Masking
 A process that extracts the address of the physical network (netwo
rk/subnetwork portion) from an IP address

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 Masking (cont’d)
 To get the network or subnet address, applying the bit-
wise-and operation on the IP address and the mask

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 Special addresses in subnetting

 A subnet of all 1s and all 0s is not assigned to any host

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 5.3 Examples of Subnetting
 Subnetting Class A
When the organization wants more physical networks, it ca
n divide this one range into several smaller ranges
1000 subnetworks : 1002 subnetids (including all-1s and all
-0s subnetids) – 29 < 1002 < 2 10
1024 hoistids ranges : 16,384 addresses in each range

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 Subnetting Class A

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 Subnetting Class A

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 Subnetting Class A (Cont’d)

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 Subnetting Class B
 12 subnetting Class B organization
Find the subnet mask and configuration of each subnetwork
Need for at least 14 subnetworks, 12 as specified plus 2 reserved as special address
es
Minimum number of bits : 4 (23 < 14 < 24)

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 Subnetting Class B (cont’d)

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 Subnetting Class B (cont’d)
 Hostids of 16 ranges and 4,096 addresses in each range

 Subnetwork address and broadcast address

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 Subnetting Class B (cont’d)

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 Subnetting Class C
 Example 3 :
Organization with Class that needs at least 5 subnetworks
Find the subnet mask and configuration of each subnetw
ork

 Solution
need for at least 7 subnetworks ( 5 specified, 2 reserved
addresses)
minimum number of bits for subnetid : 3 ( 2 2 < 7 < 23 )

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 Subnetting Class C (cont’d)
 Hostids of 8 ranges and 32 addresses in each range

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 Subnetting Class C (cont’d)

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 Subnetting Class C (cont’d)

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 5.4 Variable Length Subnetting
 5 subnets with following number of hosts : 60, 60, 60,
30, 30

 Applying 2 different masks

1. Using the mask with 26 1s (11111111 11111111
11111111 11000000)

2. Then, applying the mask with 27 1s (11111111

11111111 11111111 11100000) to one of subnets to divide
it into

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 Variable Length Subnetting (cont’d)

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 5.5 Supernetting
 A block of class x addresses

 For example,
An organization that needs 1,000 addresses can be
granted four class C addresses

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 Supernetting (cont’d)
 4 class C addresses combine to make one supernetwork

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 Supernet Mask

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 Supernet Mask

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 Supernet Mask

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 Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)

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