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Chap1modernprojectmanagement 090723065157 Phpapp02

The document provides an introduction to project management including defining what a project and program are, comparing projects to routine work, identifying stakeholders and the project manager's role, discussing causes of project failure, outlining the project life cycle and management process, and listing some common project management tools.

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17 views

Chap1modernprojectmanagement 090723065157 Phpapp02

The document provides an introduction to project management including defining what a project and program are, comparing projects to routine work, identifying stakeholders and the project manager's role, discussing causes of project failure, outlining the project life cycle and management process, and listing some common project management tools.

Uploaded by

Zepox
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Project

Management
What is a Project?
• Project Defined
– A complex, nonroutine, one-time effort limited by
time, budget, resources, and performance
specifications designed to meet customer needs.
• Major Characteristics of a Project
– Has an established objective.
– Has a defined life span with a beginning and an end.
– Requires across-the-organizational participation.
– Involves doing something never been done before.
– Has specific time, cost, and performance requirements.
Usama
M. Ahmed
Faheem
Afif
Ghufran
10/2/23
Programs versus Projects
• Program Defined
–A series of coordinated, related, multiple projects that
continue over an extended time and are intended to
achieve a goal.
–A higher level group of projects targeted at a common
goal.
–Example:
• Project: completion of a required course in project
management.
• Program: completion of all courses required for a business
major.
Comparison of Routine Work with Projects

Routine, Repetitive Work Projects


Taking class notes Writing a term paper
Daily entering sales receipts into Setting up a sales kiosk for a
the accounting ledger professional accounting
meeting
Responding to a supply-chain
request Developing a supply-chain
information system
Practicing scales on the
piano Writing a new piano piece
Routine manufacture of an Apple Designing an iPod that is
iPod approximately 2 X 4 inches,
interfaces with PC, and stores
10,000 songs

Attaching tags on a manufactured Wire-tag projects for GE and


product Wal-Mart

TABLE 1.1
Stakeholders of a Project
• Project Sponsor
– Provides executive support
• Project Manager
– Leads and manages the project
• Project Team Members
– Provide technical and support expertise
• Organization Employees
– Those that are directly or indirectly affected by the proposed project
• Community
– Competitors and business partners impacted by the project outcome
Project Manager
A person with a diverse set of skills – management, leadership,
technical, conflict management, and customer relationship – who
is responsible for initiating, planning, executing, controlling,
monitoring, and closing down a project.
Top Five Causes of
Project Failure

• Lack of attention to human and organizational factors


• Poor project management
• Poor articulation of user requirements
• Inadequate attention to business needs and goals
• Failure to involve users appropriately
Project Failure (French Study)
Project Life Cycle

FIGURE 1.1
What is Project Management?
• The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and
techniques to project activities in order to meet
project requirements.
• Involves five process groups:
Project Management Life Cycle
• Initiate – potential projects are identified and evaluated in terms
of importance to the organization
• Plan – scope, time, cost and risk management planning takes
place
• Execute – project plan is followed
• Control – project performance is measured against the project
plan
• Close – final paper work completed and sign off by all
stakeholders
The Technical and
Sociocultural
Dimensions
of the Project
Management
Process

FIGURE 1.3
The Challenge of Project Management
• The Project Manager
–Manages temporary, non-repetitive activities and
frequently acts independently of the formal
organization.
• Marshals resources for the project.
• Is linked directly to the customer interface.
• Provides direction, coordination, and integration to the
project team.
• Is responsible for performance and success of the
project.
–Must induce the right people at the right time to
address the right issues and make the right decisions.
The Importance of Project Management
• Factors leading to the increased
use of project management:
–Compression of the product life
cycle
–Global competition
–Knowledge explosion
–Corporate downsizing
–Increased customer focus
–Small projects that represent big
problems
Integrated Project Management Systems
• Problems resulting from the use of piecemeal
project management systems:
–Do not tie together the overall strategies of the
firm.
–Fail to prioritize selection of projects by their
importance of their contribution to the firm.
–Are not integrated throughout the project life
cycle.
–Do not match project planning and controls with
organizational culture to make appropriate
adjustments in support of project endeavors.
Integrated Management of Project
Various Project Management
Tools/Techniques
• Gantt Chart
– Tool that can be used to plan and track project activities
• Critical Path Method (CPM)
– A method used for determining the sequence of task activities that directly affect
the completion of a project
• Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
– A technique that uses optimistic, pessimistic, and realistic time to calculate the
expected time for a particular task
• Microsoft Project
– Most widely used project management software
– http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/project/default.aspx
• Application Service Provider (ASP) software
– Web hosted project management software
• Industry-Specific software
– Software which addresses a specific industry or environment
Major Functions of Portfolio Management

• Oversee project selection.


• Monitor aggregate resource levels and skills.
• Encourage use of best practices.
• Balance projects in the portfolio in order to represent
• a risk level appropriate to the organization.
• Improve communication among all stakeholders.
• Create a total organization perspective that goes
• beyond silo thinking.
• Improve overall management of projects over time
PMBOK
• Project Management Body of Knowledge
• A repository of the key project management knowledge
areas

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