IT 102

Application Development and

Emerging Technology
• Nathaniel S. Castro
• Instructor 1
• [email protected]

COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES Department

Department of Languages Technology
of Information & Literature
College of Computing and Information Sciences
Emerging Technologies Landscape
The emerging technology landscape encompasses a
wide range of innovative advancements that are
transforming industries and enhancing our lives.

These technologies are characterized by their

disruptive nature and the transformative impact they
can have on various sectors.
Emerging technologies

 Emerging technologies are innovative

advancements that are at the forefront of
development, offering disruptive potential to
reshape industries and enhance our lives.
Emerging technologies
 Emerging technologies have evolved from being
experimental to becoming a reality that is
permeating every aspect of work and life.
Emerging technologies
These technologies include:
 Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are
often used interchangeably, but they are distinct concepts that fall
under the same umbrella.
 AI refers to the development of computer systems that mimic human
cognitive abilities, such as decision making, data.
 ML, on the other hand, is a subset of AI that uses algorithms trained on
data to produce adaptable models that can perform complex tasks. ML
algorithms improve performance over time as they are trained on more
data, enabling machines to learn from experience.
Emerging technologies
Artificial Intelligent
Emerging technologies
Machine learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on
developing systems capable of learning from data without being explicitly
programmed.
 It enables computers to learn and improve from experience, making them
more like humans in their ability to learn.
 Machine learning encompasses various types, including supervised learning,
unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.
Emerging technologies
Machine learning
Supervised learning involves training models with labeled data
sets, unsupervised learning looks for patterns in unlabeled data, and
reinforcement learning trains machines through trial and error to
make decisions based on rewards.
Emerging technologies
Supervised learning
Emerging technologies
Machine learning
Unsupervised learning is a fundamental type of machine learning
where algorithms learn patterns exclusively from unlabeled data,
without the need for corresponding target values.
Emerging technologies
Machine learning Unsupervised learning
Emerging technologies
Machine learning
Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning where an
agent learns to interact with an environment by trial and error,
aiming to maximize a reward.
Emerging technologies
Machine learning - Reinforcement learning
Emerging technologies
 Encryption/Privacy
Encryption is a critical component of data security and privacy, as it
converts sensitive information into a secret code to prevent unauthorized
access. Encryption is used to protect data at rest (stored on devices or
servers) and data in transit (sent over networks).
There are two main types of encryption algorithms: symmetric (using a
single key) and asymmetric (using two keys).
Emerging technologies
 Encryption/Privacy
Encryption
Emerging technologies
 Encryption
Hash functions - convert data into a fixed-size string/Hex of characters for
data integrity.
Emerging technologies
 Encryption
Transport Layer Security (TLS) - secures online communication. It
ensures authentication, privacy, and data integrity between two
communicating computer applications.
Emerging technologies
 Encryption
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) - encrypt data over the internet for
enhanced privacy and security. Create a shield against malicious intent
online and help bypass geographical restrictions.
Emerging technologies
 Encryption
Quantum Encryption - also known as quantum cryptography, is a method
of encryption that utilizes the principles of quantum mechanics to secure
and transmit data in a highly secure manner.
Emerging technologies
 Encryption
Homomorphic encryption is a form of encryption that enables
computations to be conducted on encrypted data without the need to decrypt
it. This encryption method allows operations to be performed on data while
it remains encrypted, ensuring privacy and security.
Emerging technologies
 Encryption
Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) are a cryptographic method used to prove
knowledge about a piece of data without revealing the data itself.
Emerging technologies
 Encryption/Privacy
Privacy and security are often used interchangeably, but they are
distinct concepts. Privacy refers to the right to control the
collection, use, and disclosure of personal information, while
security focuses on protecting data from unauthorized access and
use.
Emerging technologies
 Encryption/Privacy
Privacy revolves around the right to control how personal
information is collected, stored, and used, ensuring individuals
have the autonomy to manage their data responsibly.
Emerging technologies
 Encryption/Privacy
Security, in various contexts, refers to protection from harm,
resilience against potential threats, and measures to ensure safety
and stability. It encompasses physical security, information
security, and cybersecurity.
Emerging technologies
Cloud Computing
 Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services,
including servers, storage, databases, networking, software,
analytics, and intelligence, over the internet on an as-needed basis
from a cloud provider.
Emerging technologies
Cloud Computing
 Cloud computing eliminates the need for individuals and businesses to self-
manage physical resources themselves and only pay for what they use.
 The main cloud computing service models include infrastructure as a service
(IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS).
 Cloud computing service models are based on the concept of sharing on-
demand computing resources, software, and information over the internet.
Emerging technologies
Cloud Computing
 Cloud computing offers almost unlimited resources to process large volumes
of data to speed research and reduce time to market.
 Cloud computing has the potential to transform various industries, including
healthcare, finance, and education, by enabling new applications and
services that were previously impossible.
Emerging technologies
Cloud Computing
Emerging technologies
 Spatial Computing is an emerging technology that blends the
physical world with virtual experiences, enabling humans to
interact with each other and machines in new ways, as well as
giving machines the capability to navigate and understand our
physical environment in novel ways.
Emerging technologies
Spatial Computing
 Spatial computing devices, such as the Apple Vision Pro, Microsoft
HoloLens, Meta Quest Pro, and Magic Leap, use a combination of
technologies like AI, XR (augmented reality), IoT (Internet of Things),
sensors, and computer vision to create immersive and interactive
experiences.
Emerging technologies
Spatial Computing
Emerging technologies
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are two
emerging technologies that offer immersive and interactive
experiences.
 Virtual Reality (VR) :Creates an immersive virtual environment. Users are
completely immersed in a fictional world. Requires specialized hardware,
such as VR headsets.
Examples: Oculus Rift, PlayStation VR, Valve Index.
Emerging technologies
Virtual Reality (VR)
Emerging technologies
 Augmented Reality (AR) : Enhances the real world with digital
elements. Users remain in contact with the real world. Can be
experienced through smartphones, tablets, or specialized AR
headsets.
Examples: Pokémon Go, Snapchat filters, Microsoft
HoloLens.
Emerging technologies
Augmented Reality (AR)
Emerging technologies
 Mixed Reality (MR) : Combines elements of both VR and AR.
Users can interact with digital content in the real world.
Examples: Meta Quest Pro, Apple Vision Pro.
Emerging technologies
Mixed Reality (MR)
Emerging technologies
The Internet of Things (IoT)
 refers to a network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other
objects embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity
that allows them to collect and share data.
 IoT devices can range from simple smart home devices like smart
thermostats to complex industrial machinery and transportation
systems.
Emerging technologies
The Internet of Things (IoT)
 IoT enables these smart devices to communicate with each other and
with other internet-enabled devices, like smartphones and gateways,
allowing data to be processed and analyzed closer to the source of the
data, rather than in a centralized data center.
Emerging technologies
The Internet of Things (IoT)
Emerging technologies
 Robotics and Autonomous Systems are interdisciplinary technologies that
involve the development of physical systems capable of carrying out
complex tasks in their environments, often without human intervention.
Autonomous systems can be found in various industries, including
manufacturing, transportation, aerospace, defense, and healthcare.
Emerging technologies
Robotics and Autonomous Systems are designed to act without human control
and can be categorized into several types, such as:
 Mobile robots, like self-driving vacuums and cars, which navigate over wide
areas and pilot in tight situations.
 Industrial robots, which work on assembly lines inside factories and can be
considered autonomous.
 Domestic robots, like vacuuming robots and security robots, which perform
conditional tasks
Emerging technologies
 Quantum computing is a rapidly evolving technology that leverages
the principles of quantum mechanics to solve complex problems that
are intractable for classical computers.
 use quantum bits (qubits) that can exist in multiple states
simultaneously, allowing them to process information in a
fundamentally different way than classical computers. Quantum
computing has the potential to revolutionize various industries,
including finance, chemistry, materials science, and cybersecurity.
Emerging technologies
Quantum computing
Emerging technologies
 Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that allows for secure
and transparent transactions without the need for intermediaries. It is a
decentralized system that uses cryptography to secure transactions and
maintain the integrity of the ledger.
Emerging technologies
 Blockchain technology has been used primarily in the context of
cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, but it has many other
potential applications, including supply chain management, voting
systems, and identity verification. Blockchain technology has the
potential to revolutionize various industries by providing a secure and
transparent way to store and transfer data.
Emerging technologies
Emerging technologies
5G technology is the fifth generation of cellular networks that offers
higher upload and download speeds, more consistent connections, and
improved capacity than previous networks. It is designed to increase
speed, reduce latency, and improve flexibility of wireless services.
Emerging technologies
5G technology
 5G technology has a theoretical peak speed of 20 Gbps, while the peak speed of 4G is
only 1 Gbps.
 5G also promises lower latency, which can improve the performance of business
applications as well as other digital experiences.
 5G networks are virtualized and software-driven, and they exploit cloud technologies.
 5G technology works by modifying how data is encoded, significantly increasing the
number of usable airwaves for carriers.
 5G can operate in both lower bands and mmWave, substantially increasing capacity,
multi-Gbps throughput, and low latency.
Emerging technologies
 Edge computing is a distributed computing model that brings
computation and data storage closer to the sources of data,
reducing latency and improving application performance by
processing data locally.
 It involves running computer programs that deliver quick
responses close to where requests are made, enabling faster real-
time insights and reducing bandwidth requirements
Emerging technologies
Edge computing
Evolution of Development Paradigms

Software/Programming development paradigms

- refer to the fundamental principles, methodologies,
and practices used to develop high-quality software
systems. Over time, various paradigms have
emerged, each with its unique characteristics and
contributions to the field.
Evolution of Development Paradigms
2 Main Types Software/Programming development paradigms
Imperative Programming - is a programming paradigm that focuses on
describing how a program operates step by step, using statements that change
the program's state.
Declarative Programming - is a programming paradigm where programs
describe the desired results without explicitly listing commands or steps. Instead
of focusing on how to achieve a task, declarative programming emphasizes
what needs to be done.
Characteristics Imperative Declarative
Computation Describes step-by-step instructions for Specifies the expected results without
achieving desired results. detailing the process.

Readability and Can be easy to follow initially but may Emphasizes simplicity, readability, and
Complexity: become complex and lengthy as the requires less code, making it easier to
program grows. read.

Customization Offers straightforward customization Provides less direct control but allows
and control over the program's for easier adaptation to specific needs.
structure.

State Management Involves mutable variables that can Involves immutable variables that do
change during execution. not change during execution.

Control Flow Specifies the exact order of instructions Focuses on the expected results and
to be executed. core logic without directing the
program's control flow.
Evolution of Development Paradigms
 Procedural Programming Paradigm: Focuses
on sequences of instructions and data
manipulation, emphasizing structured
programming and code reusability.
Evolution of Development Paradigms
Procedural Programming Paradigm Examples of
Programming Languages
1. C 6. ALGOL (Algorithmic Language)
2. Fortran (Formula Translation) 7. Assembly Language
3. COBOL 8. Lua
4. PASCAL 9. Bourne Shell (sh)
5. Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic
Instruction Code (BASIC)
Evolution of Development Paradigms
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Paradigm is a
programming paradigm that focuses on organizing software
design around objects rather than functions and logic.
 It is based on the concept of classes and objects, where classes
act as blueprints for individual objects with specific attributes
and methods.
 Introduces concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, and
polymorphism, promoting modular, reusable, and
maintainable code.
Evolution of Development Paradigms
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Paradigm
Examples of Programming Languages
1. Java 6. JavaScript
2. C++ 7. PHP
3. Python 8. Swift
4. C# 9. Objective-C
5. Ruby 10. Scala
Evolution of Development Paradigms
 Functional Programming (FP) Paradigm:
Emphasizes composing functions and immutable
data, facilitating concise and declarative code, and
avoiding side effects.
Evolution of Development Paradigms
Functional Programming Paradigm Examples of
Programming Languages
1. Haskell 6. Elixir
2. Clojure 7. Scheme
3. Scala 8. Ocaml
4. Erlang 9. Elm
5. F# 10. Racket
Evolution of Development Paradigms
 Structured programming is a programming paradigm
that aims to enhance program clarity, quality, and
development time by utilizing structured control flow
constructs like selection and repetition, block structures,
and subroutines instead of simple tests and jumps like the
go to statement.
 It emphasizes linearizing the flow of control through a
program, following the writing order of the code.
Evolution of Development Paradigms
Structured Programming Paradigm Examples of
Programming Languages
1. C Oriented Language)
2. Pascal 7. Modula-2
3. Ada 8. PL/I (Programming Language
4. ALGOL (Algorithmic Language) One)
5. Fortran 77 and later versions 9. Rexx (Restructured Extended
6. COBOL (Common Business- Executor)
10. Structured Query Language (SQL)
Evolution of Development Paradigms
 Logic Programing Paradigm: Brings a
transformative shift in software development
methodologies, emphasizing iterative and
collaborative approaches, enabling rapid
feedback, adaptability, and customer-centricity.
Evolution of Development Paradigms
Logic Programming Paradigm Examples of
Programming Languages
1. Prolog (Programming in Logic) 6. Mercury
2. Datalog 7. Constraint Handling Rules (CHR)
3. Answer Set Programming (ASP) 8. Alloy
4. ECLiPSe (EC LIbrary for 9. Gödel
Programming with loGic and 10. ASP-Core-2
Constraint Satisfaction Problems)
5. λProlog
Evolution of Development Paradigms
 Agile Software Development Paradigm: Brings
a transformative shift in software development
methodologies, emphasizing iterative and
collaborative approaches, enabling rapid
feedback, adaptability, and customer-centricity.
Evolution of Development Paradigms
Agile Software Development Paradigm Examples
Methodologies
1. Scrum 6. Feature-Driven Development
2. Extreme Programming (XP) (FDD)
3. Kanban 7. Adaptive Software Development
4. Lean Software Development (ASD)
5. Dynamic Systems Development 8. Lean Startup
Method (DSDM) 9. Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe)
10. Crystal
Evolution of Development Paradigms
 DevOps Paradigm: Responds to the need for
seamless collaboration between development and
operations teams, integrating software
development, testing, and operations.
Evolution of Development Paradigms
DevOps Software Development Paradigm Examples
Tools

1. Continuous Integration (CI) 6. Version Control

2. Continuous Delivery (CD) 7. Monitoring and Logging
3. Infrastructure as Code (IaC) 8. Collaboration and
4. Microservices Architecture Communication
5. Automated Testing
Evolution of Development Paradigms
 Software as a Service (SaaS) Paradigm:
Revolutionizes software delivery and
consumption, allowing users to access software
applications remotely, eliminating the need for
local installation and maintenance.
Evolution of Development Paradigms

These paradigms have evolved over time, reflecting

the changing needs and technological advancements
in the field. Embracing these paradigms and
understanding their principles is crucial for software
engineers to develop innovative, reliable, and
scalable software systems that drive progress in the
digital era.
Convergence of Technologies and Interconnected Devices.

Technological convergence refers to the integration

and merging of previously unrelated technologies
into a single device or system, creating new and more
efficient solutions. This convergence has led to the
development of interconnected devices, such as
smartphones, smart homes, and the Internet of Things
(IoT).
Convergence of Technologies and Interconnected Devices.

Examples of technological convergence in recent years include:

 Smartphones: Combining the functions of a telephone, camera,
music player, and internet access into a single device.
 Smartwatches: Integrating the operating system and capabilities
of a smartphone into a wearable device.
 Internet of Things (IoT): Connecting various devices and
sensors to create a network that can collect and analyze data.
Convergence of Technologies and Interconnected Devices.

 Blockchain technology: Used to secure and manage digital

transactions, providing a decentralized and secure platform for
cryptocurrencies.
 Converged Bluetooth-connected devices: Combining Bluetooth
technology with other devices to create a seamless user
experience.
 Smart TVs: Integrating the functions of a television, computer,
and internet access into a single device.
Convergence of Technologies and Interconnected Devices.

 Drones: Combining robotics, aeronautics, and digital technology to

create autonomous flying machines.
 Cloud storage: Replacing on-premises servers with a centralized,
remote storage solution.
 Automating Trust Convergence: Combining blockchain, AI, IoT,
and other technologies to create secure and trustworthy systems.
 Immersive devices: Integrating AI, virtual reality, and augmented
reality to create immersive experiences for businesses and consumers.
Resilient and Sustainable Technologies

Resilient and sustainable technologies refer to technologies and

infrastructure that can withstand and recover from the adverse
impacts of climate change while maintaining essential functions.
 These technologies can enhance resilience by ensuring independent water
and energy supplies to remote rural facilities, and for continued use
during emergencies.
 They can also contribute to climate resilience and long-term
sustainability by reducing environmental footprints.
Resilient and Sustainable Technologies

Resilient and sustainable technologies refer to technological

solutions designed to endure and adapt to various challenges while
minimizing their environmental impact. These technologies aim to
promote long-term viability, efficiency, and harmony with natural
ecosystems.
Resilient and Sustainable Technologies

Here are some key aspects and examples of resilient and sustainable
technologies:
 Renewable Energy: Technologies like solar, wind, hydroelectric, and
geothermal power offer sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. They reduce
greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on finite resources.
Resilient and Sustainable Technologies

 Energy Storage: Battery storage systems and other energy storage

technologies help balance supply and demand in renewable energy systems.
They enhance grid resilience and enable the integration of intermittent
renewable energy sources.
Resilient and Sustainable Technologies

 Smart Grids: Smart grid technologies optimize energy distribution and

consumption by leveraging data analytics, sensors, and automation. They
enhance grid stability, efficiency, and resilience to disruptions.
Resilient and Sustainable Technologies

 Water Management Systems: Technologies for water conservation,

purification, and reuse promote sustainable water management practices.
These include rainwater harvesting systems, water-efficient fixtures, and
advanced wastewater treatment technologies.
Resilient and Sustainable Technologies

 Precision Agriculture: Precision agriculture technologies, including

sensors, drones, and data analytics, optimize resource use in farming
practices. They reduce water consumption, minimize chemical inputs, and
enhance crop yields while promoting environmental sustainability.
Resilient and Sustainable Technologies

 Electric Vehicles (EVs): EVs and associated charging infrastructure

represent a sustainable transportation solution that reduces greenhouse gas
emissions and dependence on fossil fuels.
Resilient and Sustainable Technologies

 Advanced Manufacturing Processes: Sustainable manufacturing

technologies, such as 3D printing and lean manufacturing practices,
minimize waste, energy consumption, and environmental pollution in
industrial processes.
Resilient and Sustainable Technologies

 Climate Resilience Technologies: Technologies designed to mitigate and

adapt to climate change impacts, such as seawalls, flood barriers, and
resilient infrastructure, enhance the resilience of communities and
ecosystems to extreme weather events and rising sea levels.
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