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01 Linux Basics

The document provides an overview of Unix and Linux operating systems including what they are, their history and some key differences. It then outlines some of the basic Linux commands for file management, permissions, packages and more.

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saloni
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13 views

01 Linux Basics

The document provides an overview of Unix and Linux operating systems including what they are, their history and some key differences. It then outlines some of the basic Linux commands for file management, permissions, packages and more.

Uploaded by

saloni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Roadmap

 What is Unix?

 What is Linux?

 Basic Commands

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/
What is Unix?

 A multi-task and multi-user Operating System


 Developed in 1969 at AT&T’s Bell Labs by
Ken Thompson (Unix)
 Some other variants: System V, Solaris, SCO
Unix, SunOS, 4.4BSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD,
OpenBSD, BSDI

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/
What is Linux?
 A clone of Unix
 Developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, a Finnish
graduate student
 Inspired by and replacement of Minix
 Linus' Minix became Linux
 Consist of
 Linux Kernel
 GNU (GNU is Not Unix) Software
 Software Package management
 Others

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/ http://www.linuxdevices.com/files/misc/ibm-watchpad.jpg
What is Linux?
 Originally developed for
32-bit x86-based PC
 Ported to other
architectures, eg.
 PowerPC, IBM S/390,
MIPS, IA-64
 PS2, cellphones,
watches, Nokia N810,
NDS, routers, NAS, GPS,
…

* See references at the end


http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/ for the corresponding websites.
Which Linux Distribution is better?
 > 300 Linux Distributions
 Slackware (one of the oldest, simple and stable distro.)
 Redhat
 RHEL (commercially support)
 Fedora (free)
 CentOS (free RHEL, based in England)
 Gentoo (Source code based)
 Debian (one of the few called GNU/Linux)
 Ubuntu (based in South Africa)
 Knoppix (first LiveCD distro.)

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/
Basic Commands
 ls  which
 $ ls -l  $ which ls
 $ ls -a  whereis
 $ ls -la  $ whereis ls
 $ ls -l --sort=time  locate
 $ ls -l --sort=size -r  $ locate stdio.h
 cd  $ locate iostream
 $ cd /usr/bin  rpm
 pwd  $ rpm -q bash
 $ pwd  $ rpm -qa
 ~  $ rpm -qa | sort | less
 $ cd ~  find
 ~user  $ find / | grep stdio.h
 $ cd ~weesan  $ find /usr/include | grep stdio.h
 What will “cd ~/weesan” do?

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/
Basic Commands (cont)
 echo  rm
 $ echo “Hello World”  $ rm foo
 $ echo -n “Hello World”  $ rm -rf foo
 cat  $ rm -i foo
 $ cat /etc/motd  $ rm -- -foo
 $ cat /proc/cpuinfo  chgrp
 cp  $ chgrp bar /home/foo
 $ cp foo bar  chsh
 $ cp -a foo bar  $ chsh foo
 mv  chfn
 $ mv foo bar
 $ chfn foo
 mkdir
 chown
 $ chown -R foo:bar /home/foo
 $ mkdir foo

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/
Basic Commands (cont)
 tar  Pipe
 $ tar cvfp lab1.tar lab1  $ cal > foo
 gzip  $ cat /dev/zero > foo
 $ gzip -9 lab1.tar  $ cat < /etc/passwd
 untar & ungzip  $ who | cut -d’ ‘ -f1 | sort |
 $ gzip -cd lab1.tar.gz | tar xvf – uniq | wc –l
 $ tar xvfz lab1.tar.gz  backtick
 touch  $ echo “The date is `date`”
 $ touch foo  $ echo `seq 1 10`
 $ cat /dev/null > foo  Hard, soft (symbolic) link
 ln vmlinuz-2.6.24.4 vmlinuz
 ln -s firefox-2.0.0.3 firefox

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/
Basic Commands (cont)

 Disk usage
 $ df -h /
 File space usage
 $ du -sxh ~/
 Advance stuff 
 $ ssh eon who
 $ ssh eon ‘cd .html ; tar cvfp - cs183 | gzip -9c’ | tar
xvfpz -
 $ ssh kilo-1 ‘tar cvfp - /extra/weesan’ | tar xvfp - -C /

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

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