PCB design and fabrication lab

D.S.D.N.P, SHIVAMOGGA
By:
• DIVITH.P.M 5th sem 502EC13010
• KRISHNA.N.G 5th sem 502EC15014
• SURAJ.S 5th sem 502EC14031
• MD Mohsin Khan 5th sem 502EC17013
• Niveditha 5th sem 502EC17015
• Parinitha 5th sem 502EC170

Under the guidance of:

HEMA.H.P
LECTURER IN E&C
D.S.D.N.P, SHIVAMOGGA
 CONTENT
What is PCB and history of PCB
Classes of PCB design
 Single-Sided PCBs
 Double-Sided PCBs
 Multilayer PCBs
 Rigid PCBs
 Flex PCBs
 Rigid-Flex PCBs
Concepts and terminology used in PCB
 Basic PCB concepts
 Solder mask, silkscreen or overlay
 Pads, copper tracks ,plated holes ,&blind vias
Different electronic design automation tools
 Eagle,KiCAD,Pulsonix,&Multisim etc.
 What is PCB?
• PCB is a copper laminated and non-conductive Printed Circuit Board,
in which all electrical and electronic components are connected
together in one common board with physical support for all
components with base of board.
• In PCB, all components are connected without wires, all components
are connected internally, so it will reduce the complexity of the
overall circuit design.
• PCB is used to provide electricity and connectivity between the
components, by which it functions the way it was designed.
 History of PCB
• The first printed circuit boards (PCBs) can be traced all the back to the
early 1900s and a patent for “printed wire”. It was in 1925 that
Charles Ducas first submitted a patent that involved creating an
electrical path directly on an insulated surface.
 Classes of PCB design
• Single-Sided PCBs
• Double-Sided PCBs
• Multilayer PCBs
• Rigid PCBs
• Flex PCBs
• Rigid-Flex PCBs
 Single-Sided PCBs
• This type of printed circuit board contains just
one layer of substrate, or base material. One side
of the substrate is covered with a thin layer of
metal, typically copper because it’s an excellent
electrical conductor
• Usually, a protective solder mask sits on top of
the copper layer, and a final silkscreen coat may
be applied to the top to mark parts of the board
• A single-sided PCB has electronic components
and circuits on only one side. This type of board
works best for simple electronics, and at-home
hobbyists often design and construct this type of
board first.
 Double-Sided PCBs
• Double-sided PCBs are much more common
than single-sided boards. Both sides of the
substrate have metal conductive layers, and
parts are attached to both sides as well. Holes
in the board allow circuits on one side to
connect to circuits on the other side.
• Double-sided circuit boards connect the
circuits on each side using one of two
methods: through-hole technology and
surface mount technology
 Multilayer PCBs

• Multilayer PCBs expand on the technology used in

double-sided boards. They have several layers of
substrate boards, and insulating materials
separate the individual layers. As with double-
sided boards, components on multilayer boards
can connect to each other through holes, or vias,
in the board.
• Typical multilayer boards have 4, 6, 8, or 10 layers,
but they can have more, depending on the
demands of the product the board is intended for.
 Flexible PCB
• Flexible PCB is also known as Flex circuit. This type
of PCB used flexible plastic material like polymide,
The circuit board is generally place in folded or
twisted.
• This is very complex type of PCB and it also contains
different range of layers like single sided flex circuit,
double sided flex circuit and multisided flex circuit.
• Flex circuit is used in organic light emitting diode,
LCD fabrication, flex solar cell, automotive
industries, cellular telephones, camera and complex
electronics devices like laptops.
 Rigid PCB
• Rigid PCBs are made out of solid material which don’t
allow PCB from twisting.
• Same as flex PCB, Rigid PCB also have different layer
configuration like single layer, double layer and multi-
layer Rigid PCB.
• Lifespan of this type of PCB is very high, so this is used
in many parts of computer like RAM, GPU and CPU.
Simple in design and most used and most
manufacture PCB is single sided rigid PCB. Multi-layer
rigid PCB can more compact by containing 9-10
layers.
 Flex-rigid PCB
• Combination of Flexible circuit and rigid circuit is most
important board.
• Flex-rigid boards consists of multiple layers of flexible
PCB attached to a number of rigid PCB layer.
• It is used in cell phones, digital cameras and
automobiles etc.
 Concepts and terminology used in PCB

Basic PCB Concepts

• A printed circuit board or PCB, is a plate or board used for placing

the different elements that conform an electrical circuit that
contains the electrical interconnections between them.
• The most simple printed circuit boards are the ones that contains
copper tracks or interconnects only on one of its surfaces. These
kinds of boards are known as 1 layer printed circuit board or 1
layer PCB.
• The most common PCB's manufactured today are the ones that
contain 2 layers, that is, you can find interconnects in both
surfaces of the board. the boards can be manufactured of 8 or
more layers.
 Solder mask, silkscreen or overlay
Solder mask
• For mounting the electrical components on the printed
circuit boards, an assembly process is required. This process
can be done by hand or through specialized machinery. The
assembly process requires the use of solder to place the
components on the board. For avoiding or to prevent the
solder to accidentally short-circuit two tracks from different
nets, PCB manufacturers apply a finish or varnish called
solder mask on both surfaces of the board
• The most common color of solder mask used in printed
circuit boards is green, followed by red and blue
 Silkscreen or Overlay

• Silk-screening is the process where the

manufacturer prints information on the solder
mask conducive to facilitate the processes of
assembly, verification and repair. Generally the
silkscreen is printed for indicating test points
as well the position, orientation and reference
of the electronic components that are part of
the circuit.
 Pads, copper tracks, plated holes &blind vias
Pad pcb
• A pad is a small surface of copper in a printed circuit board
that allows soldering the component to the board. You can
think of a pad as a piece of copper where the pins of the
component are mechanically supported and soldered.
• There are 2 types of pads; thru-hole and smd (surface
mount).
• Thru-hole pads are intended for introducing the pins of
the components, so they can be soldered from the
opposite side from which the component was inserted.
• The smd pads are intended for surface mount devices, or
in other words, for soldering the component on the same
surface where it was placed.
 Copper tracks
• A track is conductive path that is used to connect 2
points in the PCB. For example, for connecting 2 pads
or for connecting a pad and a via, or between vias.
• It is important to highlight that in high frequencies is
necessary to calculate the tracks' width so that the
interconnect can be impedance matched along the
path created by the track
• For conducting the current from the top layer to the
bottom layer, a via is used for each track, so you can
differentiate them from the ones that are on the top
layer.
 Plated Holes (Thru-hole Vias or Full Stack Vias)

• When an interconnect must be made from a

component that is located on the top layer of
the printed circuit board with another that is
located at the bottom layer, a via (Vertical
Interconnect Access) is used. A via is a plated
hole that allows the current to pass through
the board
 EDA Tools
• Choosing the best EDA tool is like finding the best catch from an ocean full of fish each one looks
the same but upon looking closer each actually has its own unique features. With countless EDA
tools available left and right choosing “the right one” is a tough job.
• There are of main EDA tools.

EAGLE, Pulsonix, KiCAD, Alitum

 EAGLE
• EAGLE contains a schematic editor, for designing circuit diagrams.Eagle is definitely
the most recommended for someone who’s just starting out with PCB design
because of low cost.
• EAGLE provides a multi-window graphical user interface and menu system for
editing, project management and to customize the interface and design
parameters.
 Blind vias
• A blind via starts on an external layer and ends on an
internal layer, that's why it has the prefix "blind".
• To know if a certain via is blind, you can put the PCB
against a source of light and see if you can see the
light coming from the source through the via. If you
can see the light, then the via is thru-hole, otherwise
the via is blind.
• As the case of blind vias, the main disadvantage of
this type of via is its high price when compared to the
thru-hole alternative
 KiCAD
• KiCAD is another low-cost alternative to Eagle. KiCAD is free and open source. It’s
biggest strengths over Eagle are the lack of layer or size restrictions.
• Tools exist within the package to create a bill of materials, artwork, Gerber files,
and 3D views of the PCB and its components.
PCB Layout 3D Viewer
Schematic Capture
 Pulsonix
• Pulsonix is another easy-to-use schematic capture and PCB design tool, which has
been praised for its intuitive user interface.
• It is produced in three variants, from 1000 pins up to an unlimited component
pins version suited to larger designs. All three have auto router capability.
Schematic Capture PCB layout using software
 Alitum
• Altium Designer is a PCB and electronic design automation software package for printed circuit boards.
It is developed by Australian software company Altium Limited.
• Integration with several component distributors allows search for components and access to
manufacturer's data.
• Interactive 3D editing of the board and MCAD export to STEP.
PCB layout using software 3D Viewer
Thank you all