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Measures of Dispersion

The document discusses different measures of dispersion including range, variance, and standard deviation. It provides examples of calculating each and explains how to find the variance and standard deviation of a data set.

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Lea Marie Patindol
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17 views12 pages

Measures of Dispersion

The document discusses different measures of dispersion including range, variance, and standard deviation. It provides examples of calculating each and explains how to find the variance and standard deviation of a data set.

Uploaded by

Lea Marie Patindol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Measures of

Dispersion
Measures of Dispersion

A measure of variability of a set of data is a number that


conveys the idea of spread for the data set.
Range
Standard Deviation
Variation
Range

The range measures the distance between the largest and the smallest values
and, as such, gives an idea of the spread of the data set. However, the range
does not use the concept of deviation. It is affected by outliers but does not
consider all values in the data set. Thus it is a very useful measure of variability.

Range (R) = highest value – lowest value


Example: Find a Range
Find the range of the numbers of ounces dispensed by Machine 1 and Machine 2.

Machine 1
Machine 1 Machine 2
Range (R) = highest value – lowest value
9.52 8.01
Range (R) = 10.07 – 5.85
6.41 7.99
Range (R) = 4.22 oz
10.07 7.95
5.85 8.03 Machine 2

8.15 8.02 Range (R) = highest value – lowest value


x = 8.0 x = 8.0 Range (R) = 8.03 – 7.95
Range (R) = 0.08 oz
Variance
The variance for a given data set is the square of the standard deviation of the
data.

Variance of the Population Variance of the Sample


The Standard Deviation
•The Standard Deviation is a measure of how spread out numbers are.
•Its symbol is (the Greek letter sigma).

Standard Deviation of the Population Standard Deviation of the Sample


Procedures for Computing a Standard
Deviation
1) Determine the mean of the n numbers.
2) For each number, calculate the deviation (difference) between the number
and the mean of the numbers.
3) Calculate the square of each deviation and find the sum of these squared
deviations.
4) If the data is a population, then divide the sum by n. If the data is a sample,
then divide the sum by n-1.
5) Find the square root of the quotient in step 4.
Find the Variance and Standard
Deviation
The following numbers were obtained by sampling a population.
2, 4, 7, 12, 15
Find the Variance and Standard
Deviation
The following numbers were obtained by sampling a population.
2, 4, 7, 12, 15

𝑠
2
=
∑ ( 𝑥 − 𝜇)
2

𝑛−1
2 2 2 2 2
2 (2 −8) +( 4 −8) +(7 − 8) +( 12− 8) +(15 − 8)
𝑠 =
5−1
X̄ = 8
2 2 2 2 2
2 (2 −8) +( 4 −8) +(7 − 8) +( 12− 8) +(15 − 8)
𝑠 =
5−1
2
𝑠 =29 . 5
𝑠=5 . 43
Use Standard Deviations
A consumer group has tested a sample of 8 size – D batteries from each of 3 companies. The
results of the tests are shown in the following table. According to these tests, which company
produces batteries for which the values representing hours of constant use have the smallest
standard deviations?

Company Hours of Constant use per Battery


EverSoBright 6.2, 6.4, 7.1, 5.9, 8.3, 5.3, 7.5, 9.3
Dependable 6.8, 6.2, 7.2, 5.9, 7.0, 7.4, 7.3, 8.2
Beacon 6.1, 6.6, 7.3, 5.7, 7.1, 7.6, 7.1, 8.5
Use Standard Deviations
A consumer group has tested a sample of 8 size – D batteries from each of 3 companies. The
results of the tests are shown in the following table. According to these tests, which company
produces batteries for which the values representing hours of constant use have the smallest
standard deviations?

Company Hours of Constant use per Battery


EverSoBright 6.2, 6.4, 7.1, 5.9, 8.3, 5.3, 7.5, 9.3
Dependable 6.8, 6.2, 7.2, 5.9, 7.0, 7.4, 7.3, 8.2
Beacon 6.1, 6.6, 7.3, 5.7, 7.1, 7.6, 7.1, 8.5
Use Standard Deviations
A consumer group has tested a sample of 8 size – D batteries from each of 3 companies. The
results of the tests are shown in the following table. According to these tests, which company
produces batteries for which the values representing hours of constant use have the smallest
standard deviations? Company Hours of Constant use per Battery
EverSoBright 6.2, 6.4, 7.1, 5.9, 8.3, 5.3, 7.5, 9.3
Dependable 6.8, 6.2, 7.2, 5.9, 7.0, 7.4, 7.3, 8.2
Beacon 6.1, 6.6, 7.3, 5.7, 7.1, 7.6, 7.1, 8.5
EverSoBright
= 1.33 h

Dependable
= 0.72 h

Beacon
= 0.88 h

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