Matrix Transformation of

Linear Transformations -
Vector Space of Linear
Transformations

A Presentation by the students of

Group-8
SLIDESMANIA.
 TEAM MEMBERS
1 NISHANK
2 CHOUREY(22BCE10601)
3 ABHYA ANAND(22BCE10603)
4 VAIBHAV TYAGI(22BCE10607)
5 AVIRUDDH
6 SINGHAL(22BCE10608)
RUPESH SONI(22BCE10609)
KHUSHI
SLIDESMANIA.

THAKUR(22BCE10611)
 CONTENTS OF THE
PRESENTATION

Introduction to Vector
1 3 Space of LT
● Some Results 5
Introduction to ● Solved Examples
Matrices as a LT Application

Introduction to Linear Introduction to Matrix Conclusion

Transformation Representation of LT
● Solved example ● Solved examples
● Matrices as Linear ● Applications
Transformation 2 4
SLIDESMANIA.
 WHAT IS LINEAR
TRANSFORMATION

Let V and W be vector spaces over a field R or C. A function T: V(R) -

> W(R) is called a Linear Transformation from V to W if for all x, y ∈
V and scalar k the following conditions hold:
i) T(x+y) = T(x) + T(y)
ii) T(kx) = kT(x)
SLIDESMANIA.

Note: T is a Linear Transformation if and only if T(0) = 0

 Example1: Let T: Pn(R) -> Pn-1(R) be a
transformation such that T(f(t)) = f’(t).
Check whether T is linear or not.
sol:- For any f1(t) and f2(t) ∈ Pn(R) and k be any scalar.
(I) T(f1(t) + f2(t)) = ((f1(t) +f2(t))’ = f1’(t)’+ f2’(t) ____(1
T(f1(t)) + T(f2(t)) = f1’(t) + f2’(t) ____(2)
hence, T(f1(t) + f2(t)) = (f1(t)) + T(f2(t))
(II) T(k f1(t)) = (k f1(t))’ = k f1’(t) ____(3
k (T(f1(t)) = k (f1(t))’ = k f1’(t) ____(4
Hence, T(k f1(t)) = k (T(f1(t))
SLIDESMANIA.

Since, both the conditions are satisfied.

Therefore, T(f(t)) = f’(t) is a Linear Transformation.
 Example2: Let T: R^2 -> R^2 be a
transformation such that T(x,y) = (x+2, y-1).
Check whether T is linear or not.
sol:- For any u = (x,y) and v = (w,z) ∈ R^2 and k be any scala
(I) T(u + v) = T((x,y) + (w,z))
= T((x+w),(y+z))
= ((x+w+2), (y+z-1)) ____(1)
T(u) + T(v) = T(x,y) + T(w,z)
= (x+2, y-1) + (w+2, z-1)
= ((x+w+4), (y+z -2)) ____(2)
Hence, T(u+v) is not equal to T(u) + T(v)
Since, first condition does not satisfies we do not ne
SLIDESMANIA.

check for the next condition.

Therefore, T(x,y) = (x+2, y-1) is not a Linear
 MATRIX AS A LINEAR
TRANSFORMATION
Given a matrix A,it can represent a linear transformation T when it operates on a vector v
by matrix vector multiplication:

T(v)=A.v

The result of this multiplication is another vector,and the properties of the linearity are
preserved.Each column of the matrix A determines how the corresponding component of
the input vector contributes to the output vector.

Matrices are a powerful tools for expressing and

understanding linear transformations,making them a
fundamental concepts in various fields,including computer
SLIDESMANIA.

graphics ,machine learning and many more.

 MATRIX REPRESENTATION OF
LINEAR TRANSFORMATION
Let T be a linear operator (transformation) from a vector space V into itself, and suppose

S = {u1,u2,….un} is a basis of V. Now T(u1),T(u2)…T(un)are vectors in V, and so each is a

linear combination of the vectors in the basis S; say,

T(u1)= a11u1 + a12u2 + … + a1nun

T(u2)= a21u1 + a22u2 + … + a2nun

……………………………………

T(un)= an1u1 + an2u2 + … + annun

The transpose of the above matrix of coefficients, denoted by [T]S , is called the matrix representation of T relative
to the basis S, or simply the matrix of T in the basis S. Using the coordinate (column) vector notation, the matrix
representation of T may be written in the form
SLIDESMANIA.

[T]S = [ [ T(u1)]S ,[T(u2)]S ,…, [T(un)]S ]

That is, the columns of [T]S are the coordinate vectors of T(u1) ,T(u2) ,.…,T(un ),respectively
 EXAMPLE OF MATRIX REPRESENTATION
Example: Consider the following linear operator G on R 2 and basis S: G( x ,y)=(2x-7y,4x+3y) and S= = {u 1,u2 }= {(1,3),(2,5)}

Find the matrix representation [G]S of G relative to S.

(1) First find G(u1), and then write it as a linear combination of the basis vectors u1 and u2. We have

G(u1) = G(1,3)= (-19,13) = x(1,3) + y(2,5)

x+ 2y = -19

3x + 5y = 13

YOU CAN ADD IMAGES

Solve the system to obtain x =121, y = -70.

Hence G(u1)= 121 u1 – 70 u2

AS BACKGROUNDS
(2) Next find G(u2)= and then write it as a linear combination of u1 and u2:

G(u2) = G(2,5)= (-31,23) = x(1,3) + y(2,5)

x+ 2y = -31
SLIDESMANIA.

3x + 5y = 23

Solve the system to obtain x =201, y = -116.

 EXAMPLE OF MATRIX
REPRESENTATION(CONT.)

YOU CAN ADD IMAGES

AS BACKGROUNDS
SLIDESMANIA.
 MATRIX TRANSFORMATION
AND THEIR MATRIX
REPRESENTATION

Matrix representation of any nxn square

matrix A over a field R or C relative to
usual or standard basis of Rn or Cn is the
matrix A itself.
SLIDESMANIA.
 SOLVED EXAMPLE
A = [3 -2 S = {U1 U2} = 1 2
4 -5] 2 5

Step 1 - write A( U1 ) = X U1 + Y U 2
YOU CAN ADD IMAGES
3 2 1 = -1 AS
= BACKGROUNDS
X 1 + Y 2
4 -5 2 = -6 = X 2 + Y 5
SLIDESMANIA.

x + 2y = -1 ,X=7 A ( U1 ) = 7 U 1 - 4 U 2
2x + 5y = -6 Y = -4
 SOLVED EXAMPLE(CONT.)
STEP 2 - write A ( U2) = X U 1 + Y U 2
3 -2 2 = -4 = X 1 + Y 2
4 -5 5 = -17 = X 2 + Y 5
A ( U2) = 14 U 1 - 9 U 2
YOU
X + 2Y = -4
CAN ADD
X = 14
IMAGES
AS
2X + 5Y = -17 BACKGROUNDS
Y = -9
NOW A ( U 1 ) = 7U1 -4 U2
A ( U 2) = 14U1 - 9 U2
SLIDESMANIA.

[ A ]3 = 7 14
-4 -9
 APPLICATION OF MATRIX
REPRESENTATION OF LT
Matrix representation of linear transformations finds applications in various fields such as:
1. Computer Graphics: Transformations like translation, rotation, scaling, and shearing of
objects in 2D and 3D space are represented using matrices. This is fundamental in
computer graphics for rendering and manipulating images and objects.
2. Robotics: Matrices are used to represent the transformation of coordinates between
YOU CAN ADD IMAGES
different reference frames, enabling robots to navigate and perform tasks accurately.
3. Engineering: In structural engineering, matrices are used to model and analyze structures
AS BACKGROUNDS
under different loads and conditions.
4. Data Compression and Encryption: Matrices are utilized in techniques like Singular
Value Decomposition (SVD) for data compression and encryption algorithms.
5. Physics and Quantum Mechanics: Matrices are employed to represent physical systems,
SLIDESMANIA.

quantum states, and transformations in quantum mechanics.

 VECTOR SPACE OF LINEAR TRANSFORM
Let V and W be two vector spaces.Let L(V:W) denote the set of all linear transformations
from V to W i.e.

L(V:W) = {T : T is a linear transformation from V to W}

for S,T ∈ L(V:W) and a∈R(Real number) define the sum (S+T) and the scalar
multiplication (aS) by

(S+T)(v) = S(v) + (T(v) and

(aS)(v) = a(S(v))
for any vector v∈V

Then clearly (S+T) and (aS) belong to L(V:W) so that L(V:W) becomes a vector space
Dim(L(V:W))= Dim(V) * Dim(W)
SLIDESMANIA.

The zero element of L(V:W) is a zero mapping from V to W denoted by 0 and defined by
0(v)=0
 THEOREM 1
Let V and W be vector spaces with ordered bases α and β respectively
let S,T: V→W be linear. Then we have

β β β
[S+T] = [S] + [T]
α α α
β β
[kS] = k[S]
α α

here k is any real valued scalar

Note: here V adn W are vector spaces of finite dimension
here [T]b represents change of basis of transform T from b to a
SLIDESMANIA.

a
 THEOREM 2
Let V,W and Z be vector spaces with ordered bases a, b and c
respectively.
Suppose that S:V→W and T:W→Z are linear transformations
then
c c
[T o S] = [T] * [S] b
a b
YOU CAN ADD IMAGES
a
here [T]b represents change of basis of transform T from b to a
a
AS BACKGROUNDS
SLIDESMANIA.
 APPLICATION OF VECTOR SPACE OF
LINEAR TRANSFORM
A Linear Transform is a
function from one vector
space to another that
respects the underlying
structure of each vector
space.
The property that shows a
particular vector space is a
linear transform is that :
SLIDESMANIA.

T(av1+bv2)=aT(v1)+bT(v2)
 CONCLUSION

Matrices of linear transformations The vector space of linear

provide a concrete representation transformations serves as a
for linear operators,facilitating fundamental framework for
computation and analysis in various studying the algebraic and
applications. Their efficiency in functional aspects of linear maps
capturing linear operations makes between vector spaces, finding
them indispensable in fields such as extensive applications across
linear algebra providing a compact mathematics and diverse fields such
SLIDESMANIA.

way to express and manipulate as computer graphics,quantum

linear relationships mechanics and machine learning.
 THANK YOU
We would like our faculty
Dr.Dileep Kumar
for guiding us through this subject
and giving us knowledge and
SLIDESMANIA.

practise of these topics.