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Lecture 8 WSN

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20 views26 pages

Lecture 8 WSN

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abdirahmaanabdilaahi111
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 8: Wireless Sensor Networks

By: Dr. Najla Al-Nabhan


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
 A sensor network is a wireless network that consists of
thousands of very small nodes called sensors.

Base station

Figure 1: Architecture of wireless sensor networks


2
Wireless Sensor Networks (cont.)
 WSN Sensors are equipped with sensing, limited computation,
and wireless communication capabilities.

Figure 2: Typical hardware components of a sensor node in wireless sensor networks


3
Introduction
 Wireless Sensor Networks are networks that consists
of sensors which are distributed in an ad hoc manner.
 These sensors work with each other to sense some
physical phenomenon and then the information
gathered is processed to get relevant results.
 Wireless sensor networks consists of protocols and
algorithms with self-organizing capabilities.

4 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks


Comparison with ad hoc networks

 Wireless sensor networks mainly use broadcast communication


while ad hoc networks use point-to-point communication.
 Unlike ad hoc networks wireless sensor networks are limited by
sensors limited power, energy and computational capability.
 Sensor nodes may not have global ID because of the large amount
of overhead and large number of sensors.

5 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks


WSNs Applications

 WSNs have many advantages over traditional networking


techniques.

 They have an ever-increasing number of applications, such as


infrastructure protection and security, surveillance, health-care,
environment monitoring, food safety, intelligent transportation, and
smart energy.

6
WSNs Applications

7 Figure 3: WSNs Applications


Applications of Wireless Sensor networks

The applications can be divided in three categories:


1. Monitoring of objects.
2. Monitoring of an area.
3. Monitoring of both area and objects.

8 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks


Monitoring Area

 Environmental and Habitat Monitoring


 Precision Agriculture
 Indoor Climate Control
 Military Surveillance
 Treaty Verification
 Intelligent Alarms

9 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks


Example: Precision Agriculture
• Precision agriculture aims at
making cultural operations more
efficient, while reducing
environmental impact.
• The information collected from
sensors is used to evaluate
optimum sowing density, estimate
fertilizers and other inputs needs,
and to more accurately predict
crop yields.

10 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks


Monitoring Objects

 Structural Monitoring
 Eco-physiology
 Condition-based Maintenance
 Medical Diagnostics
 Urban terrain mapping

11 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks


Monitoring Interactions between
Objects and Space

 Wildlife Habitats
 Disaster Management
 Emergency Response
 Ubiquitous Computing
 Asset Tracking
 Health Care
 Manufacturing Process Flows

12 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks


Characteristics of Wireless Sensor
Networks

 Wireless Sensor Networks mainly consists of sensors.


Sensors are -
 low power
 limited memory
 energy constrained due to their small size.

 Wireless networks can also be deployed in extreme


environmental conditions and may be prone to enemy
attacks.
 Although deployed in an ad hoc manner they need to be
self organized and self healing and can face constant
reconfiguration.

13 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks


Design Challenges

 Heterogeneity
 The devices deployed maybe of various types and need to
collaborate with each other.
 Distributed Processing
 The algorithms need to be centralized as the processing is
carried out on different nodes.
 Low Bandwidth Communication
 The data should be transferred efficiently between sensors

14 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks


Continued..

 Large Scale Coordination


 The sensors need to coordinate with each other to produce
required results.
 Utilization of Sensors
 The sensors should be utilized in a ways that produce the
maximum performance and use less energy.
 Real Time Computation
 The computation should be done quickly as new data is
always being generated.

15 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks


Operational Challenges of Wireless Sensor Networks

 Energy Efficiency
 Limited storage and computation
 Low bandwidth and high error rates
 Errors are common
 Wireless communication
 Noisy measurements
 Node failure are expected
 Scalability to a large number of sensor nodes
 Survivability in harsh environments
 Experiments are time- and space-intensive

16 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks


Enabling Technologies
Embed numerous distributed Network devices to coordinate and
devices to monitor and interact perform higher-level tasks
with physical world
Embedded Networked
Control system w/
Small form factor Exploit
Untethered nodes collaborative
Sensing, action
Sensing
Tightly coupled to physical world

Exploit spatially and temporally dense, in situ, sensing and actuation


17 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Future of WSN
Smart Home / Smart Office

 Sensors controlling
electrical devices in the
house.
 Better lighting and
heating in office
buildings.
 The Pentagon building
has used sensors
extensively.

18 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks


Biomedical / Medical
 Health Monitors
 Glucose
 Heart rate
 Cancer detection
 Chronic Diseases
 Artificial retina
 Cochlear implants
 Hospital Sensors
 Monitor vital signs
 Record anomalies

19 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks


Military

Remote deployment of sensors


for tactical monitoring of enemy
troop movements.

20 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks


Industrial & Commercial

 Numerous industrial and commercial applications:


 Agricultural Crop Conditions
 Inventory Tracking
 In-Process Parts Tracking
 Automated Problem Reporting
 Theft Deterrent and Customer Tracing
 Plant Equipment Maintenance Monitoring

21 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks


Traffic Management & Monitoring

 Future cars could use


wireless sensors to:
 Handle Accidents
 Handle Thefts

Sensors embedded in
the roads to:
– Monitor traffic flows
– Provide real-time route
updates
22 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
One More Example of Sensor Board -
MTS400/420
 Besides the functions of MTS 300, it mainly adds GPS
functionality

 Further Reading
 http://firebug.sourceforge.net/gps_tests.htm
23 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Hardware Setup Overview

24 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks


Sensor Network Algorithms
 Directed Diffusion – Data centric routing
 Sensor Network Query Processing
 Distributed Data Aggregation
 Localization in sensor networks
 Multi-object tracking/Pursuer Evader
 Security
Table of References
Source

www.cse.fau.edu/~jie/teaching/fall_2004_files/sensorslides1.ppt

http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/cs/aggarwal/cs60520/SeminarMaterial/WSN-future.ppt

http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~nbulusu/talks/grace-hopper.ppt

http://galaxy.cs.lamar.edu/~bsun/wsn/wsn.html

www.dsc.ufcg.edu.br/~maspohn/katia/introduction.ppt

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/mote1.htm

http://www.polastre.com/papers/polastre-thesis-final.pdf

26 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks

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