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The document discusses the classification of matter including mixtures, elements, compounds, and solutions. It defines mixtures as matter that consists of two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined, and defines pure substances as matter made of only one kind of material. It also discusses the differences between elements, compounds, and molecules.

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6 views

Powerpoint Notes

The document discusses the classification of matter including mixtures, elements, compounds, and solutions. It defines mixtures as matter that consists of two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined, and defines pure substances as matter made of only one kind of material. It also discusses the differences between elements, compounds, and molecules.

Uploaded by

behade5956
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4- Mixtures, Elements

and Compounds
Classification of Matter
Is phase a good way to classify
matter?
• Since water has 3 phases, it would be
classified as 3 different things. Must be a
better method.
Matter
• Can be divided into mixtures and pure
substances. A pure substance is made of
one kind of material having definite
properties.
• Guess which is a mixture and which is a
pure substance?
– Water, salt, sea water, concrete, alphabet
soup, air, soup, coffee, oxygen.
Mixture – Matter that consists of 2
or more substances mixed together
but not chemically combined.
Both of these are mixtures
Two Types of Mixtures
• Heterogeneous – A mixture that does not
appear to be the same throughout. The
“least-mixed of mixtures”.
• Examples:

• Homogeneous – A mixture that appears to


be the same throughout. A “well-mixed
mixture”.
• Examples:
Solutions- a type of homogeneous
mixture of 2 or more substances in
a single physical state.

• The “best mixed” of all mixtures.


Solutions
Two solutions of food coloring in
water
• One hot water, one cold water.
Many types of solutions
Solute Solvent Example
Gas Gas Air
Gas Liquid Soda water
Gas Solid Charcoal
absorbent
Liquid Liquid Antifreeze
Liquid Solid Dental filling
Solid Liquid Sea water
Solid Solid Brass
Solubility

• Temperature affects solubility.


• Does hot water increase or decrease
solubility of sugar?

• Does hot water increase or decrease


solubility of oxygen?
Need to know!

• Alloy – solution of 2 or more metals

• Solute – Substance that is dissolved

• Solvent – Substance that does the dissolving

• Insoluble – Does not dissolve in a particular


solvent
Classification of Matter

Matter
Pure Substance Mixture
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
Element Compound Colloid Suspension Solution
Pure Substance
• Same properties throughout

• Made of only one kind of material

• All particles are the same


Elements
• Simplest type of pure substance

• Each element is associated with an atom

• Smallest part of an element that has the


properties of the element is an atom
Chemical Symbols
• Either an upper case letter or
• One upper case and one lower case letter

• (Exception – un-named elements


• E.g., Uuq, Uus)
Compounds
• Pure substances made of more than one
element

• Properties of elements that make up a


compound are different from the
compound itself
Molecule
• Two or more atoms bonded together

• Example – water

• H 2O
Chemical formulas
subscripts
• CO2

• H2SO4

• H 2O 2

• C6H12O6
Chemical formulas
Coefficients- count the atoms
• 3 CO2

• 4 H2SO4

• 2 H 2O 2

• 5 C6H12O6

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