Computer Application In Business

Software
• Software is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a
well-defined function.
• A program is a sequence of instructions written to solve a
particular problem.
• There are two types of software:
 System Software
 Application Software

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System Software
• The system software is a collection of programs designed to
operate, control, and extend the processing capabilities of the
computer itself.
• System software is generally prepared by the computer
manufacturers.
• These software products comprise of programs written in low-
level languages, which interact with the hardware at a very
basic level.

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System Software
• System software serves as the interface between
the hardware and the end users.
• Some examples of system software are Operating
System, Compilers, Interpreter, Assemblers, etc.

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i. Operating System
• An operating system is the system software that works as an
interface to enable the user to communicate with the
computer.
• It manages and coordinates the functioning of hardware and
software of the computer.
• OS is the first thing to be loaded when a system is started.
• The commonly used operating systems are Microsoft
Windows, Linux, and Apple Mac OS X.

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i. Operating System
•Some examples of Operating systems given below:
• Android
• CentOS
• iOS
• Linux
• Mac OS
• MS Windows
• Ubuntu
• Unix

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ii. Device Drivers
• A Device Driver is system software that operates or controls a
particular device attached to a computer. It is the device
drivers who make it possible for all the external devices to
perform their tasks. Most of the hardware comes with pre-
installed drivers in it. However, if the device is new to the
system, then the user may have to download the drivers.

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ii. Device Drivers
•Some examples of device drivers are:
• BIOS Driver
• Display Drivers
• Motherboard Drivers
• Printer Drivers
• ROM Drivers
• Sound card Driver
• USB Drivers
• VGA Drivers
• VGA Drivers
• Virtual Device Drivers

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iii. Firmware
Firmware is the permanent software that is embedded into
a read-only memory. It is a set of instructions permanently
stored
on a hardware device. It provides essential information
regarding how the device interacts with
Firmware
other can be considered as ‘semi-permanent’ as ithardware.
remains
permanent unless it is updated using a firmware updater.
The firmware provides instructions on how the device should be
operated. Unlike other software, firmware can not be
manipulated, changed, or deleted by the end-users. They remain
on the device.

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iii. Firmware
Some examples of firmware are:
•BIOS
•Computer Peripherals
•Consumer Applications
•Embedded Systems
•UEFI

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iv. BIOS and UEFI
• BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) or the new UEFI (Unified
Extended Firmware Software) gets the computer system
started when we turn it on. BIOS also manages the flow of
information between operating systems and the attached
devices.

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v. Programming Language Translator
These are the intermediate system software through which
programmers convert the high-level language programming code
to machine-level language code. Assembler, Interpreter, and
Compiler are the popular language translators. They are usually
designed by the computer manufacturer and are deliver inbuilt
with the system.

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vi. Utilities
Utilities are the type of system software that is present between
user and application software. These are the programs designed
to configure, analyze, optimize and maintain tasks of the
computer. Their task varies from disk fragmentation to data
security.

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vi. Utilities
•Some examples of utility tools are:
• Avast Antivirus
• Directory Opus
• McAfee Antivirus
• Piriform CCleaner
• Razer Cortex
• Windows File Explorer
• WinRAR
• WinZip

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Some other examples of system software
include:
• BIOS: It stands for basic input output system. It is a type of
system software, which is stored in Read Only Memory (ROM)
located on the motherboard. However, in advanced computer
systems, it is stored in flash memory. BIOS is the first software
that gets activated when you turn on your computer system. It
loads the drivers of the hard disk into memory as well as
assists the operating system to load itself into the memory.

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•Boot Program: Boot refers to starting up a computer. When you
switch on the computer, the commands in the ROM are
executed automatically to load the boot program into memory
and execute its instructions. The BIOS program has a basic set of
commands that enables the computer to perform the basic
input/output instructions to start the computer.

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•An assembler: It plays the role of a converter as it receives basic
computer instructions and converts them into a pattern of bits.
The processor uses these bits to perform basic operations.
•A device driver: This system software controls hardware devices
connected to a computer. It enables the computer to use the
hardware by providing an appropriate interface. The kernel of a
Computer's CPU communicates with different hardware through
this software. Operating systems generally come with most of
the device drivers. If the operating system does not have a
device driver for hardware, you have to install the device driver
before using that hardware device.

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System Software
• Some of the most prominent features of a system software :
 Close to the system
 Fast in speed
 Difficult to design
 Difficult to understand
 Less interactive
 Smaller in size
 Difficult to manipulate
 Generally written in low-level language

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Application Software
• Application software products are designed to satisfy a
particular need of a particular environment.
• All software applications prepared in the computer lab can
come under the category of Application software.
• Application software may consist of a single program, such as
Microsoft's notepad for writing and editing a simple text.
• It may also consist of a collection of programs, often called a
software package, which work together to accomplish a task,
such as a spreadsheet package.

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There are various types of application software:
•Word Processors: These applications for documentation. Along
with that it also helps I storing, formatting and printing of these
documents. Some examples of word processors are:
• Abiword
• Apple iWork- Pages
• Corel WordPerfect
• Google Docs
• MS Word

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•Database Software: This software is used to create and manage
a database. It is also known as the Database Management
System or DBMS. They help with the organization of data. Some
examples of DBMS are:
• Clipper
• dBase
• FileMaker
• FoxPro
• MS Access
• MySQL

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•Multimedia Software: It is the software that is able to play,
create or record images, audio or video files. They are used for
video editing, animation, graphics, and image editing, Some
examples of Multimedia Software are:
• Adobe Photoshop
• Inkscape
• Media Monkey
• Picasa
• VLC Media Player
• Windows Media Player
• Windows Movie Maker

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•Education and Reference Software: These types of software are
specifically designed to facilitate learning on a particular subject.
There are various kinds of tutorial software that fall under this
category. They are also termed as academic software. Some
examples are:
• Delta Drawing
• GCompris
• Jumpstart titles
• KidPix
• MindPlay
• Tux Paint

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•Graphics Software: As the name suggests, Graphics Software
has been devised to work with graphics as it helps the user to
edit or make changes in visual data or images. It comprises of
picture editors and illustration software. Some examples are:
• Adobe Photoshop
• Autodesk Maya
• Blender
• Carrara
• CorelDRAW
• GIMP
• Modo
• PaintShop Pro

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•Web Browsers: These applications are used to browse the
internet. They help the user in locating and retrieving data
across the web. Some examples of web browsers are:
• Google Chrome
• Internet Explorer
• Microsoft Edge
• Mozilla Firefox
• Opera
• Safari
• UC Browser

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Application Software
• Examples of Application software are the following −
 Payroll Software
 Student Record Software
 Inventory Management Software
 Income Tax Software
 Railways Reservation Software
 Microsoft Office Suite Software
 Microsoft Word
 Microsoft Excel
 Microsoft PowerPoint

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Application Software
• Features of application software are as follows:
 Close to the user
 Easy to design
 More interactive
 Slow in speed
 Generally written in high-level language
 Easy to understand
 Easy to manipulate and use
 Bigger in size and requires large storage space

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The software can also be classified based on their availability
and shareability.
This classification is as given below:

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1. Freeware
Freeware software is available without any cost. Any user can
download it from the internet and use it without paying any fee.
However, freeware does not provide any liberty for modifying
the software or charging a fee for its distribution. Examples are:
•Adobe Reader
•Audacity
•ImgBurn
•Recuva
•Skype
•Team Viewer
•Yahoo Messenger

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2. Shareware
It is a software that is freely distributed to users on a trial basis.
It usually comes with a time limit and when the time limit
expires, the user is asked to pay for the continued services.
There are various types of shareware like Adware,
Donationware, Nagware, Freemium, and Demoware
(Cripplewareand Trialware). Some examples of shareware are:
•Adobe Acrobat
•Getright
•PHP Debugger
•Winzip

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3. Open-source
These kinds of software are available to users with the source
code which means that a user can freely distribute and modify
the software and add additional features to the software. Open-
Source software can either be or chargeable. Some
free examples of open-source software
are:
•Apache Web Server
•GNU Compiler Collection
•Moodle
•Mozilla Firefox
•Thunderbird

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4. Software
They are also known as Closed-source software. These types of
applications are usually paid and have intellectual property
rights or patents over the source code. The use of these is very
restricted and usually, the source code is preserved and kept as a
secret.

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