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AbA Presentation

The document discusses applied behavior analysis (ABA) and how to prepare a behavior intervention plan (BIP). It defines key ABA concepts and techniques used in ABA, including reinforcement, prompting, shaping, and discrete trial training.

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rushna
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7 views

AbA Presentation

The document discusses applied behavior analysis (ABA) and how to prepare a behavior intervention plan (BIP). It defines key ABA concepts and techniques used in ABA, including reinforcement, prompting, shaping, and discrete trial training.

Uploaded by

rushna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS

(ABA):PREPARING BEHAVIOR
INTERVENTION PLAN (BIP)
This is ….
Not a formal ABA course which can be conducted by a
BCBA only… with International certification (why not?)
Based upon applied principles of traditional Behavior
therapy with a blend of updated techniques and
terminology .
A culturally compatible content extracted and verified
through a couple of years practice .
A result oriented approach that we can use to produce
immediate results regardless of age and nature of
behavior
Sequence of Workshop
Introduction to ABA and related
concepts
Baseline Assessment
Individualized Intervention Plan
What is ABA?
ABA: Applied Behavioral Analysis. An approach that
uses instructional technology designed to change
behavior in a systematic and measurable way that is
meaningful.
ABA is a methodology and set of tools. It is not a
curriculum in and of itself.
ABA: APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
ABA is “a way of life”. Use it everyday!
We use ABA when we want to “make a change” or
teach something new
Whenever you taught your child something new, and
praised them you made a behavior change and used
“ABA”
Definition of Behavior
The behavior of an organism is that portion of an
organism’s interaction with the environment that is
characterized by detectable displacement in space
through time of some part of the organism and that
results in measurable change in at least one aspect of
the environment.
Related concepts
Environment
All behavior occurs within an environmental context
Repertoire
Set or collection of knowledge and skills a person has
learned that are relevant to a particular setting or tasks
Target Behavior
 Behavior analysts focus on defining behaviors of social

significance, often referred to as target behaviors


Reinforcement
change in environment IMMEDIATELY following a
behavior that INCREASES the behavior in the future
Reinforcer
something that, when presented after the behavior,
results in that behavior occurring more often in the
future.
Extinction
discontinuing reinforcement of previously reinforced
behavior. The primary effect is a decrease in the
frequency of behavior until it reaches pre reinforcered
level or ultimately ceases to occur.
ABA is used for
Reducing Maladaptive /undesired behavior
Increasing Adaptive behavior /skill building
Motor skills
Communication skills
Functional skills
Academic skills
Social skills
Misconceptions about ABA
ABA takes a long time to see actual
results
ABA only focuses on a child’s deficits
ABA will turn my child into a robot
ABA therapists will not work with
other fields
Ethics
1. Authentic and relevant Qualification
2. Training in ABA
3. Behaviors, practices and decisions that address three
fundamental questions:
What is the right thing to do?
What does it mean to be a good behavior analyst?
 End goal: Future the welfare of the client
Baseline Assessment
Defining a behavior
Target Behavior
Measurable

Realistic

Behavior Excess
OR
Behavior Deficit
Baseline Assessment
ABC
Antecedent: Events or interactions that
happen before the behavior occurs: immediate
or delayed/internal or external
Behavior: The behavior or sequence of

behavior which occurred


Consequence: events/interactions which

happen after the behavior: what one gets and


what one avoids
Functional Behavior Assessment
Baseline data
….is a measurement of the behavior taken
before interventions are started
Nature /topography
Frequency
Intensity
Functional Behavior Analysis (FBA)
Sensory
Escape
Attention
Tangibles
Social

Selection of Reinforcer and Punisher


Reinforcer :something that, when presented after the
behavior, results in that behavior occurring more
often in the future
Attractive
Immediate
Progressive

Punisher :something that, when presented after the


behavior, results in that behavior occurring less
often in the future.
Techniques of ABA
 Reinforcement
change in environment IMMEDIATELY
following a behavior that INCREASES the
behavior in the future
Punishment
 something that, when presented after
the behavior, results in that behavior
occurring less often in the future
Reinforcement Schedule
Positive Reinforcement (Adding Favorable)
Negative Reinforcement(Removing
unfavorable)
Positive Punishment (Adding unfavorable)
Negative Reinforcement (Removing favorable)
Prompting
Prompts: Supple mental stimulus that control the
target response but are not a part of the natural SD
that will eventually control the behavior

Prompts are given before or during performance of


behavior
They help behavior occur so that the teacher can
provide reinforcement
Only introduced during the acquisition phase of
instructor
2 Types of Prompts
Response Prompts
Verbal Directions
Modelling
Physical Guidance
Stimulus Prompts
Movement Cues
Position Cues
Redundance
SHAPING
The process of establishing a behavior that is not
learned or performed by an individual at present is
referred to as Shaping.

Shaping is used when the target behavior does not yet


exist. In shaping, what is reinforced is some
approximation of the target behavior.
DTT
A method of teaching a skill in
simplified and structured steps.
Instead of teaching an entire skill at
once, the skill is broken down teaching
discrete trials that teach one step at a
time.

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