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DLD 2022 3

The document discusses different types of logic gates including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR gates. It explains what each gate is, its symbol, truth table, and how any logic gate can be created using only NAND or NOR gates, which are called universal gates.

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Yasir Ali
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32 views12 pages

DLD 2022 3

The document discusses different types of logic gates including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR gates. It explains what each gate is, its symbol, truth table, and how any logic gate can be created using only NAND or NOR gates, which are called universal gates.

Uploaded by

Yasir Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Logic Design

Logic Gates
Fall 2022
Logic Gates
• Logic gates perform basic logical functions
• A logic gate is a device that acts as a building block for
digital circuits.
• Most electronic devices we use today will have some form
of logic gates in them
• In a circuit, logic gates will make decisions based on a
combination of digital signals coming from its inputs. Most
logic gates have two inputs and one output.
• Logic gates are commonly used in integrated circuits (IC).

2
Buffer
• A buffer is a non-inverting amplifier
• It gives a logic 1 output for a logic 1 input and vice versa

Name Symbol Function Table


Buffer x F F=x x F
0 0
1 1

3
Inverter (NOT Gate)
• The inverter performs the operation called inversion or
complementation.
• The inverter changes one logic level to the opposite level. In
terms of bits, it changes a 1 to a 0 and a 0 to a 1.
Name Symbol Function Table
Inverter x F F = x’ x F
0 1
1 0

4
AND Gate
• AND gate produces a HIGH output only when all of the inputs
are HIGH.
• When any of the inputs is LOW, the output is LOW.

Name Symbol Function Table


x y F
AND x F = x.y
F 0 0 0
y 0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

5
OR Gate
• An OR gate produces a HIGH on the output when any of the
inputs is HIGH.
• The output is LOW only when all of the inputs are LOW

Name Symbol Function Table


x y F
AND x F = x+y 0 0 0
F
y 0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

6
NAND Gate
• NAND gate is an AND gate with a negated (inverted) output.
• NAND gate produces a LOW output only when all the inputs are
HIGH.
• When any of the inputs is LOW, the output will be HIGH.

Name Symbol Function Table


x y F
NAND x F = (xy)’ 0 0 1
F
y 0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

7
NOR Gate
• A NOR gate is an OR gate with a negated output
• A NOR gate produces a LOW output when any of its inputs is
HIGH
• When all of its inputs are LOW is the output HIGH.

Name Symbol Function Table


x y F
NOR x F = (x+y)’ 0 0 1
F
y 0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0

8
Exclusive-OR (XOR) Gate
• The output of an exclusive-OR gate is HIGH only when the two
inputs are at opposite logic levels
• The output of an exclusive-OR gate is LOW when the two inputs
are at similar logic levels

Name Symbol Function Table


x y F
x
AND F F = xy’+x’y 0 0 0
y 0 1 1
F = x ⊕y 1 0 1
1 1 0

9
Exclusive-NOR (XNOR) Gate
• Equivalence
• An exclusive-NOR (EX-NOR) gate is an EX-OR gate with a negated output
• When the two input logic levels are opposite, the output of the
exclusive-NOR gate is LOW.
• When the two input logic levels are similar, the output of the exclusive-
NOR gate is HIGH.
Name Symbol Function Table
x y F
XNOR x F = xy+x’y’ 0 0 1
F
y F = (x⊕y)’ 0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

10
Universal Gates
• In Boolean Algebra, the NAND and NOR gates are
called universal gates because.
• Any logic gate can be created using NAND or NOR gates
only.

11
Logic Devices
• Fixed-function logic devices currently available in two major
categories:
– CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) (4000
Series)
– TTL (Transistor-Transistor logic) (74 Series)

12

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