Cloud Management Systems

Multi Device Broker - State Management Database , Cloud

Management Mechanism

Module 5
Module 5
• Multi Device Broker - State Management Database –
• Cloud Management Mechanism: Remote Administration
System, Resource Management System, SLA Management
System, Billing Management System.
• 9: Cloud Management Mechanisms
– 9.1 Remote Administration System
• Case Study Example
– 9.2 Resource Management System
• Case Study Example
– 9.3 SLA Management System
• Case Study Example
– 9.4 Billing Management System
• Case Study Example
Cloud Management Mechanisms
• Cloud-based IT resources need to be set up,
configured, maintained, and monitored.
• The following management-related mechanisms are
used in Cloud
– Remote Administration System
– Resource Management System
– SLA Management System
– Billing Management System
• These systems typically provide integrated APIs
and can be offered as
– individual products
– custom applications, or
– combined into various product suites or multifunction
applications.
Remote Administration System
• Provides tools and user-interfaces for external cloud resource
administrators to configure and administer cloud-based IT
resources.

• A remote administration system can establish a portal for

access to administration and management features of various
underlying systems,
– Resource management,
– SLA management,
– Billing management systems
The remote administration system abstracts underlying management systems to
expose and centralize administration controls to external cloud resource
administrators.
The system provides a customizable user console, while programmatically
interfacing with underlying management systems via their APIs.
Remote Administration System …

• Two primary types of portals that are created with

the remote administration system:
• Usage and administration portal
– Centralizes management controls to different cloud-
based IT resources
– Further provide IT resource usage reports.
• Self-service portal
– Allows cloud consumers to search an up-to-date list of
cloud services and it resources that are available from
a cloud provider.
– The cloud consumer submits its chosen items to the
cloud provider for provisioning.
Remote Administration System …
 Remote Administration System …

new

a scenario involving a remote administration system and both usage

and administration and self-service portals
Remote Administration System …

• A cloud resource administrator uses the usage and

administration portal to configure an already leased
virtual server (not shown) to prepare it for hosting (1).
• The cloud resource administrator then uses the self-
service portal to select and request the provisioning of a
new cloud service (2).
• The cloud resource administrator then accesses the
usage and administration portal again to configure the
newly provisioned cloud service that is hosted on the
virtual server (3).
• Throughout these steps, the remote administration
system interacts with the necessary management
systems to perform the requested actions (4).
Remote Administration System …
Tasks performed by cloud consumers via a remote
administration console:
• Configuring and setting up cloud services
• Provisioning and releasing IT resource for on-demand cloud
services
• Monitoring cloud service status, usage, and performance
• Monitoring qos and SLA fulfillment
• Managing leasing costs and usage fees
• Managing user accounts, security credentials, authorization,
and access control
• Tracking internal and external access to leased services
• Planning and assessing IT resource provisioning
• Capacity planning
Remote Administration System …
Depending on:
– The type of cloud product or cloud delivery model the cloud
consumer is leasing or using from the cloud provider,
– The level of access control granted by the cloud provider to the
cloud consumer, and
– Which underlying management systems the remote
administration system interfaces with
Remote Administration System …

Standardized APIs published by remote administration

systems from different clouds enable a cloud consumer to
develop a custom portal that centralizes a single IT resource
management portal for both cloud-based and onpremise IT
resources.
Remote Administration System …
• Advantage of standardized APIs over
Propreitary Uis
– A cloud consumer can create own front-end late it
can be reused if it decides to move to another cloud
provider that supports the same standardized API.
– The cloud consumer would be able to centrally
administer IT resources from multiple cloud
providers and/or IT resources residing in cloud and
on-premise environments.
– User-interface provided by the remote
administration system will tend to be proprietary to
the cloud provider
Remote Administration System …

Case Study Example

DTGOV has been offering its cloud consumers a user-friendly remote administration system
for some time, and recently determined that upgrades are required in order to accommodate
the growing number of cloud consumers and increasing diversity of requests.
DTGOV is planning a development project to extend the remote
administration system to fulfill the following requirements:
– Cloud consumers need to be able to self-provision virtual servers
and virtual storage devices.
– A single sign-on mechanism needs to be incorporated to centrally
authorize and control cloud consumer access.
– An API that supports the provisioning, starting, stopping, releasing,
updown scaling, and replicating of commands for virtual servers
and cloud storage devices needs to be exposed.
In support of these features, a self-service portal is developed
and the feature-set of DTGOV’s existing usage and
administration portal is extended.
Resource Management System
• Helps coordinate IT resources in response
– to management actions performed by both cloud consumers
and cloud providers
• Core to this system is the virtual infrastructure
manager (VIM)
– VIM coordinates the server hardware so that virtual server
instances can be created from the most
expedient/convenient underlying physical server.
– A VIM manages a range of virtual IT resources across
multiple physical servers.
– A VIM creates and manages multiple instances of a
hypervisor across different physical servers or allocate a
virtual server on one physical server to another (or to a
resource pool).
Resource Management System
• A resource management system encompassing a VIM
platform and a virtual machine image repository.
• The VIM may have additional repositories, including one
dedicated to storing operational data.
Resource Management System
• Tasks that are typically automated and implemented
through the resource management system include:
– Managing virtual IT resource templates that are used to
create pre-built instances, such as virtual server images
– Allocating and releasing virtual IT resources into the
available physical infrastructure in response to the starting,
pausing, resuming, and termination of virtual IT resource
instances
– Coordinating IT resources in relation to the involvement of
other mechanisms, such as resource replication, load
balancer, and failover system
– Enforcing usage and security policies throughout the
lifecycle of cloud service instances
– Monitoring operational conditions of IT resources
Resource Management System
• Resource management system functions
can be accessed by cloud resource
administrators employed by the cloud
provider or cloud consumer.
– Cloud resource administrators employed by
the cloud provider can access the resource
management system’s native console.
– Cloud resource administrators employed by
the cloud consumer can access usage and
administration portals built using APIs of
Resource management systems .
 Resource Management System

The cloud consumer’s cloud resource administrator accesses a usage

and administration portal externally to administer a leased IT resource
(1).
The cloud provider’s cloud resource administrator uses the native user-
interface provided by the VIM to perform internal resource
management tasks (2).
Resource Management System
Case Study Example
The DTGOV resource management system is an extension of a
new VIM product it purchased, and provides the following
primary features:
– Management of virtual IT resources with a flexible
allocation of pooled IT resources across different data
centers
– Management of cloud consumer databases
– Isolation of virtual IT resources at logical perimeter
networks
– Management of a template virtual server image inventory
available for immediate instantiation
– Automated replication (“snapshotting”) of virtual server
images for virtual server creation
– Automated up-down scaling of virtual servers according to
usage thresholds to enable live VM migration among
physical servers
Resource Management System
Case Study Example …
The DTGOV resource management system is an extension of a new
VIM product it purchased, and provides the following primary
features ….
• An API for the creation and management of virtual servers and
virtual storage devices
• An API for the creation of network access control rules
• An API for the up-down scaling of virtual IT resources
• An API for the migration and replication of virtual IT resources
across multiple data centers
• Interoperation with a single sign-on mechanism through an
LDAP (lightweight directory access protocol) interface
• Custom-designed SNMP (simple network management protocol)
command scripts are further implemented to interoperate with
the network management tools to establish isolated virtual
networks across multiple data centers.
SLA Management System
• Provides features like administration, collection,
storage, reporting, and runtime notification of SLA
data
• An SLA management system has
– An SLA manager
– A QoS measurements repository.
SLA Management System
• An SLA management system has
– A repository used to store and retrieve collected SLA
data
• Done based on pre-defined metrics and reporting
parameters.
– One or more SLA monitor mechanisms
• To collect the SLA data that can then be made available
in near-real time to usage and administration portals to
provide on-going feedback regarding active cloud services.
• The metrics monitored for individual cloud
services are aligned with the SLA guarantees in
corresponding cloud provisioning contracts.
SLA Management System
SLA Management System
• A cloud service consumer interacts with a cloud service
(1).
• An SLA monitor intercepts the exchanged messages,
evaluates the interaction, and collects relevant runtime
data in relation to quality-of-service guarantees defined in
the cloud service’s SLA (2A).
• The data collected is stored in a repository (2B) that is
part of the SLA management system (3).
• Queries can be issued and reports can be generated for
an external cloud resource administrator via a usage and
administration portal (4) or
• for an internal cloud resource administrator via the SLA
management system’s native user-interface (5).
SLA Management System
Case Study Example …
• DTGOV implements an SLA management system that interoperates with its
existing VIM. This integration allows DTGOV cloud resource administrators
to monitor the availability of a range of hosted IT resources via SLA monitors.
DTGOV works with the SLA management system’s report design features to
create the following pre-defined reports that are made available via custom
dashboards:
– Per-Data Center Availability Dashboard – Publicly accessible,
dashboard shows the overall operational conditions of each
group of IT resources at each data center, in realtime.
– Per-Cloud Consumer Availability Dashboard – This dashboard
displays realtime operational conditions of individual IT
resources. Information about each IT resource can only be
accessed by the cloud provider and the cloud consumer leasing
or owning the IT resource.
– Per-Cloud Consumer SLA Report – This report consolidates and
summarizes SLA statistics for cloud consumer IT resources,
including downtimes and other timestamped SLA events.
Billing Management System
• Collects and processes usage data
– For cloud provider accounting
– For cloud consumer billing.
• Billing management system
– Uses pay-peruse monitors to gather
runtime usage data
– This usage data is stored in a repository
– Then this usage data is retrieved for
billing, reporting, and invoicing purposes.
Billing Management System
• A billing management system comprised of
– A pricing and contract manager
– A pay-per-use measurements repository.
Billing Management System
Billing Management System
• A cloud service consumer exchanges messages with
a cloud service (1).
• A pay-per-use monitor keeps track of the usage and
collects data relevant to billing (2A),
• which is forwarded to a repository that is part of the
billing management system (2B).
• The system periodically calculates the consolidated
cloud service usage fees and generates an invoice
for the cloud consumer (3).
• The invoice may be provided to the cloud consumer
through the usage and administration portal (4).
Billing Management System
• Pricing models
– Traditional pay-per-use models,
– Flat-rate
– Pay-per-allocation modes,
– Combinations
– Custom pricing models on a per cloud consumer and/or
per IT resource basis
• Payments
– Pre-usage and post-usage payments.
– Post-usage payments
• Has pre-defined limits
– Usage quotas.
– Usage is blocked if quotas are exceeded.
• Unlimited usage
Billing Management System
Case Study Example
DTGOV decides to establish a billing management
system that enables them to create invoices for
custom-defined billable events, such as subscriptions
and IT resource volume usage. The billing
management system is customized with the
necessary events and pricing scheme metadata.
It includes the following two corresponding
proprietary databases:
–billable event repository
–pricing scheme repository
Billing Management System …
Case Study Example …
• Usage events are collected from pay-per-use
monitors that are implemented as extensions to
the VIM platform.
– Thin-granularity usage events, such as virtual server
starting, stopping, up-down scaling, and
decommissioning, are stored in a repository managed
by the VIM platform.
• The pay-per-use monitors report billable events
periodically
• Either a standard or customized pricing model is
applied to cloud consumer contracts.