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Q4 - Lesson 3 - Planning of Qualitative Data

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Q4 - Lesson 3 - Planning of Qualitative Data

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Maryan Te
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PLANNING OF

QUALITATIVE
DATA
COLLECTION
QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION
PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES

Polit and Beck (2008) argued that data collection


in qualitative research is more flexible than quantitative
research. Unlike in quantitative data collection that the
questionnaire is fixed, and the questions are
predetermined, qualitative data collection relies on
what happens in the field.
Guest, Namey, and Mitchell (2013) listed
strategies for qualitative data collection:

1. Participant observation
This is the most natural but challenging type of qualitative data collection strategy. It is
the most natural because you will be immersing yourself to your target group, interact
with them, sleep with them, eat with them and even live with them.
A basic example is when you are observing and learning how your colleagues in the
workplace behave and interact so you can fit in and establish rapport. We do participant
observation most in our lives. It is the most challenging as a qualitative data collection
strategy because you do this in a formal sense. You will be taking notes, recording
conversation, taking pictures, and asking questions to better understand the problem
under investigation.
ELEMENTS OF PARTICIPANT
OBSERVATION
2. IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW.
is a qualitative data collection strategy that uses an interview method
to understand a phenomenon. However, not all in-depth interview produces an
‘in-depth’ conversation. The following should be considered:
3. FOCUS GROUP
another qualitative data collection strategy. It has the following
characteristics:
3. FOCUS GROUP
another qualitative data collection strategy. It has the following
characteristics:
3. FOCUS GROUP

Focus group like in-depth interview is a flexible and effective method of


qualitative data gathering. However, not all research area and interest can be
catered using a focus group. Focus group is ideal when the study concerns
about public interest or when opinions and shared expectations are desired.
For example, when you study about the lived experiences of medical front
liners in dealing with COVID-19 patients, a focus group is suitable. On the
other hand, if your study is about the struggles of persons living with AIDS and
how they cope with the struggles, an in-depth interview is appropriate.
3. FOCUS GROUP
In the current time where the community is in quarantine, the use of
technology can facilitate the conduct of in-depth interview and focus group
discussion. The researcher does not need to have a face to face contact with
the participants. A voice or a video conferencing is now possible through the
use various media such as Zoom, Google Meet, and even Facebook
messenger. The researcher just needs to set the day and time where
everybody is free and comfortable. In the conduct of in-depth interview and
focus group either face to face or online, a conducive environment free from
unnecessary noise and distractions is a rigid requirement. Meaningful
conversation cannot take place in a disturbing environment.
3. FOCUS GROUP
Additionally, all conduct of interviews must be recorded using an audio only or audio
video recording application or gadget for an ease of transcription later. Permission from the
participants must be sought first before recording interviews. How long should the interview
take?
Although qualitative data is determined by the quality of interview, duration of interview
should also be taken into consideration. A short interview may have compromised depth of
conversation.
Nastasi (n.d.) suggested that a total of 10-20 hour interviews of the study is sufficient for
a quality qualitative paper. However, depending on the methods used in the study, the hour per
interview may be adjusted. The purpose of specifying interview duration is to ensure that there
is a sufficient time to explore the problem from the participants. Specifically, the following
table serves as a guide to the length of conducting an interview.
LENGTH OF INTERVIEW

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