Organization

In
Architecture
Egyptian Architecture (4000-2280 B.C.E)
• Architecture and religious rite has a close connection
• Egyptian monumental architecture is mainly expressed in pyramids
and temples (Columnar and trabeated style)
• The buildings were intended to last internally
- To preserve the mummy of the Pharaoh
- To be the center of the cult of the royal dead
• “Mastabas” tomb of the noble
Mesopotamian Architecture (6 TH
Century
B.C.E)
Mesapotamian architecture is evident in its palaces and temples
Ziggurat or tower, built at successive levels, with ramps leading from
one platform to the next
• Nebuchadnezzar’s Etemenanki Ziggurat
Greek Architecture (1100-100 B.C.E.)
• Post-and-Intel construction is the Greek simplest and earliest types of
construction
• There are three types of Greek architecture namely, Doric, Ionic, and
Corinthian

• Doric (has no base, the frieze

is divided into triglyphs and
metopes and low cushion-like
shape of part of it’s capital )
• Ionic (Taller and more slender than Doric,
has a base, capital is ornamented
with scrolls on each side, the frieze
is continuous)

• Corinthian (has base and shaft resembling

the ionic, more slender, the capital
is more deeper than the ionic)
Roman Architecture (1000 B.C.E- C.E., 4000)
• Romans adopted the column And trabeated style
of the Greek and develop arch and vault from the
beginnings made by the Etruscans (the early inhabitants
of the west-central Italy)
• The combine use if column, beam, and arch is the keynote
of roman style
• Develop the stone arch of the Etruscan
• Roman architecture has a flat round dome that covers
the entire building
Byzantine Architecture (C.E 200 – 1453)
• Byzantine takes its name from Byzantium,
later called constantinople, and now called
Istambul
• Byzantine architecture is characterized by
a great central dome which had always been
a traditional feature in the east
• Byzantine church is characterized by its forms
of vault and done that is visible externally
Western Architecture in the Middle Ages (C.E 400-1500)

• Three style of western Architecture,

the early Christian, Romanesque, and
the gothic
• The western style follow the general type
• of roman basilica, a long rectangular
building divided by pillars intro a central
nave and aisles
Early Christian Architecture (C.E 400-700)
• From early christian silica has grown in part from the roman house
where the earliest christian met for worship, and in part from pagan
basilicas
Romanesque Architecture (11th &12th Centuries)
• Romanesque architecture is an extension and development of the early
christian basilica exemplified by S. Apollinare in classes
• Example are Notre Dame la grande at Portiers (exterior) and the
abbayeaux-dames (interior)
• It resemble Roman style-hence the name Romanesque (“Roman-ish”)
 Gothic Architecture
• In the Romanesque cathedral, several small
were combined in a compound arch, in the gothic,
this process was continue until the arches appeared
only as a stone tracery
• The gothic façade has regularly had three doorways
• In gothic, the human figure became the characteristic
decoration, recessed doorway being filled with rows of
saints or kings
• The gothic style is primarily known for its cathedrals and
churches
Renaissance Architecture (15th & 16th Centuries)
• In renaissance architecture, the cathedral
or temple is no longer the typical building;
secular architecture come to the fire, as in
roman times. Although renaissance architecture
is a return to the ideas of Greek and Romans,
it is not a slavish imitation, but rather a free use
of material found in the classic architecture
Baroque Architecture (1600-1750)
• Baroque architecture flourished in the
17th century and in the opening years of
the 18th century. It is characterized primarily
as a period of elaborate sculpture or
namentation. The architecture framework
remained close to that of renaissance,
although often it was more spacious.
The 19th Century Architecture
• The 19th century is known as period of
eclecticism. Eclecticism in architecture
implies freedom on the part of the architect
or client to choose among the style of the
past that seem to him most appropriate.
In a sense, the renaissance was eclectic
in its attempted revival of roman form.
 Modern Architecture
• Modern architecture is an attempt to
interpret one’s purpose through building
in a style independent of fix symmetries.
New material came to be utilized-prestressed
steel in tension, high-pressure concrete, glass
block, wood, metal, chromium, plastics,
copper, cork, steel, gympsum lumber, real
and artificial stone, all varieties of synthetic
and compressed material, and the versatile
plywood.
Philippine Architecture
• The Philippines has shown knowledge and expertise in all the arts. In this country,
along Roxas Boulevard, Ayala, and Escolta, one can see that architecture in the
philippine has come up with the times.
• The use of local latest architectural technology impressed foreigners and they are
attracted by our landscapes in tourist spot.
• Salazar F, in her article “RP architecture captured in churches” says that most
modern architecs and writers doing analysis of the philippine churches marvel at
the majestic structure which were designed and build during the Spanish regime.
• Ilocos Norte Paoay church are reminiscent of the builder’s struggle with
earthquake and this church became the epitome of earthquake-resistant church.
• The Cultural Center of the philippines,
which was designed by architect Leandro
Locsin, is the womb and bosom of the
development of the arts in the philippines

• Leandro V. Locsin was a Filipino architect,

artist, and interior designer, known for his
use of concrete, floating volume and simplistic
design in his various projects. He was proclaimed
a National Artist of the Philippines for Architecture
in 1990 by the late former President Corazon C.
Aquino.
History of Philippine Architecture
• Architecture in the philippines is the result of various influences. It developed from
colonial influences, the spanish colonial period , american commonwealth period and the
contemporary times
• According to architect Leandro locsin, philippine architecture is a result of various foreign
influences while it makes full use of modern technology. It includes remembrance of the
past framed in terms of significance today
• The Bahay Kubo is a typical
traditional house found in the
Philippines. A derivation of
Bahay kubo is the Bahay na bato.
• The arrival of Spaniards in 1571
brought the antillan architecture.
• When the Americans came in 1898, new architectural structure were introduced.
Government houses build during that period resembled Greek or Roman temples.
• By the mid-1920, Philippine architecture
showed the art of Deco. The metropolitan
theatre along plaza arroceros is a good
example.

• In the 1970s, a new form of Philippine

architecture emerged with the filipinazation
of architecture. Today, the architecture in
the philippines continuous to be vibrant.
Japanese Architecture
• A juto (longevity tower) is a kind of
mausoleum in ancient times erected
during one’s lifetime to celebrate his
own or another’s longevity.
• Juto was built by Hideyoshi Toyotomi,
when his mother was seriously ill he prayed
in a temple he made in Kyoto, grateful for
her subsequent successful recovery he
constructed the juto at Tensuiji in 1452.