Data Types in Java

Data Types
 Constants
 Variables
 What is a Constant?
 456—a literal numerical constant
 System.out.println(456); // Java
 Console.writeline(456); // Visual C#

 “A Literal String Constant”

 System.out.println(“My First Java”); // Java
 Console.writeline(“My First C#”); // Visual C#
 What is a variable?
 It is a named computer location in memory
that holds values that might vary
 Must that location have an address?
 YES

 What has addresses? Bits, bytes, words,

what?
 Bytes

 Can a variable be more than one byte long?

 YES
 Data type Declarations
 Specify the type of data and the length of
the data item in bytes
 int, short, long
 float, double
 boolean
 char
 Data Types -- Integer
 Int – the default declaration – 4-byte
integer
 Byte—1-byte integer
 Short—2-byte integer
 Long—8-byte integer
 Floating Point
 Float—a 4-byte floating point number
 Double—an 8-byte floating point number
 There are eight primitive data types
 Name them
 Boolean, byte, char, double, float, int,
long, short
 In bytes, how long is the short data type?
The int data type, the long data type?
 In bytes, how long is the float data type?
The double data type?
 How long is the char data type?
 Primitives sizes and Ranges
PRIMITIVE SIZE IN BITS RANGE
int 32 -2 to the 31st to 2 to the 31st
int 4 bytes 2147483648
long 64 -- 8 bytes -2 to the 63rd to 2 to the 63rd
float 32 +- 1.5 x 10^45
double 64 +- 5.0 x 10^324
decimal (C# only) 128 28 significant figures
string 16 bits per char Not applicable
char 16 One character
bool (boolean in Java) 8 True or false
 The assignment operator =
 A = 36;
 Sets a = to the constant 36 at execution time
 Int A =36;
 Sets A = to the constant 36 at compile time
 Initializes A to 36 at the time memory is set
aside for it
Name a Method that many Java
classes have
 TheMain method
 Why??
 It
is used as an entry point to the program for
some types of programs.
 Consider the following:
Public class NumbersPrintln
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int billingDate = 5;
System.out.print(“Bills are sent on the “);
System.out.print(billingDate);
System.out.println(“th”);
System.out.println(“Next bill: October “ + billingDate);
}
}
 The above produces the following
output
C:\Java>_
C:\Java>Java NumbersPrintln
Bills are sent on the 5th
Next bill: October 5

C:\Java>_
 This program would produce the
same output
Public class NumbersPrintln
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int billingDate = 5;
System.out.println(“Bills are sent on the “ +
billingDate + “th\nNext bill: October “ +
billingDate);
}
}
 Simple Arithmetic Operators
• * / % (multiplication, division,
modulus)
• + - (addition, subtraction—on a lower
level of the precedence hierarchy)
• int result = 2 + 3 * 4;
• Is result 14 or 20??
• int result = (2 + 3) * 4
 Binary Operators
 The simple arithmetic operators are also
called binary operators because they have
two operands exactly
 Never three
 Never one
 Using the Boolean data type
•Boolean variables can hold only one of
two values—true or false
Boolean isItPayday = false;
Boolean areYouBroke = true;
 Comparison operators
The result is boolean, always
< less than
> greater than
== equal to
<= less than or equal to
>= greater than or equal to
!= not equal to
 Boolean examples
boolean is SixBigger = (6 > 5);
// value stored in is SixBigger is true
Boolean is SevenSmaller = (7 <= 4);
// value stored in is SevenSmaller is false
 Data formats
The character format—uses an assigned
decimal value
The integer format
The floating point format—consists of an
exponent part and a mantissa part—for
example the 4-byte floating point word
might have a 1-byte exponent and a 3-
byte mantissa.
 What happens when you try to do
arithmetic with different data types?
The lower-level data type is converted to
the higher-level data type before the
binary operation is performed
1. double
2. float
3. long
4. int
 Example
int hoursWorked = 37;
Double payRate = 6.73;
Double grossPay = hoursWorked * payRate;

Here, hoursWorked is converted from int to

double before the * operation is
performed; the result, grossPay contains
249.01 stored as a double
 Type casting
• Forces a value of one data type to be used
as a value of another type
• Example
Double bankBalance = 189.66;
Float weeklyBudget = (float) bankBalance /
4;
/* weeklyBudget is 47.415, one-forth of
bankBalance */
 In the above…
 Without the use of the (float), the code
segment would not compile
 Another type casting example
float myMoney = 47.82f;
int dollars = (int) myMoney;
// dollars is 47, the integer part of
myMoney
// note that myMoney was not rounded
 The char data type
Holds only a single character
Legal Examples
char myMiddleInitial = ‘M’;
char myGradeInChemistry = ‘A’;
char aStar = ‘*’;
char aCharValue = ‘9’;
char aNewLine = ‘\n’;
char aTabChar = ‘\t’;
 In the latter two cases above…
 The char variables still hold a single
character
 The backslash gives a new meaning to the
character that follows
 The pair together represents a single
nonprinting character
To hold strings in a variable…
Use the string class that is built-in

string firstName = “Audrey”;

Using the Joption Pane Class for
GUI Input
An input dialog box asks a question and
provides a text field in which the user can
enter a response.
The user’s response is returned by the method
and placed in a string variable
 An example
Import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
Public class HelloNameDialog
{
Public static void main(string[] args)
{
String result;
result = JOptionPane.ShowInputDialog(“What is your name?”);
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, “Hello, “ + result + “!”);
System.exit(0);
}
}
Using Methods, classes, and Objects
 Methods are similar to procedures,
functions, or subroutines
 Statements within a method execute only
when the method is called
 To execute a method, you call it from
another method
 “The calling method makes a method call”
 Simple methods….
 Don’t require any data items (arguments
or parameters), nor do they return any
data items back

 You can create a method once and use it

many times in different contexts
 Example
Public class First
{
Public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println(“First Java application”);
}
}
 Method Declaration
Is the first line or header of a method and
contains
Optional access modifiers
The return type for the method
The method name
An opening parenthesis
An optional list of method arguments separated
by commas
A closing parenthesis
 Access Modifiers
public – accessible anywhere
private – accessible only within the class in
which it is defined
protected – allows members of a derived
class to access members of its parent
classes
static – does not require instantiation before
it can be used and remains in place after
use, without being destroyed
 Variable Scope
 A variable’s scope starts at declaration, extends to
nested blocks, and ends at the end of the block it was
declared in.
 A blocks local variables are variables declared within that
block of code, but do not include variables declared in
nested blocks.
 A class’s fields can be hidden by local variables or
method parameters, but this is generally a bad idea
unless the variable is a copy.
 Constructors

• A constructor is a special member function

whose task is to initialize the objects of its
class.
• It is special because its name is same as
the class name.
• The constructor is invoked whenever an
object of its associated class is created.
• It is called constructor because it constructs
the values of data members of the class.
 ASSIGNMENT:
What do the keywords
 Public
 Static
 Void

 Mean???