0% found this document useful (0 votes)
44 views

Lecture 15 PCFinal

The document discusses fundamental principles of counting, permutation, and combination. It provides examples and explanations of rules of product and addition as well as the differences between permutation and combination. It then presents practice problems related to counting, arrangements of words and letters, and group formations.

Uploaded by

Aryan Rathore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
44 views

Lecture 15 PCFinal

The document discusses fundamental principles of counting, permutation, and combination. It provides examples and explanations of rules of product and addition as well as the differences between permutation and combination. It then presents practice problems related to counting, arrangements of words and letters, and group formations.

Uploaded by

Aryan Rathore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 58

Permutation

&
Combination
Fundamental Principal of counting
• Rule of product : If there are ‘m’ ways to
do a process and there are ‘n’ ways to do
another, then total number of ways of
doing both process is given by ‘m x n’
• If there are 3 shirts and 2 pants then in how many
ways a person can dress up for a seminar?

P1 P1 P1
S1 S2 S3
P2 P2 P2

Directly, Total ways = 3 * 2 = 6 ways


• Rule of addition : If there are ‘m’ ways to
do a process and there are ‘n’ ways to do
another and we can not do both at the
same time, then there are ‘m + n’ ways to
choose one of the actions.
• If there are 3 formal shoes and 2 casual shoes
then in how many ways we can choose a
footwear for a party.

F1, F2, F3, C1, C2

F1 or F2 or F3 or C1 or C2

Total ways = 3 + 2 = 5 ways


Question: Let us assume you have 3 shirts, 4
pants, 3 shoes and 2 sandals to wear. Find in
how many ways you can decide an outfit.

1. Shirt – Pants – Shoes


2. Shirt – Pants – Sandal

(3x4x3) + (3x4x2) = 60
Note : Multiplication ------- “ AND” (Stages)

Addition------------- “ OR” (Choice)


Difference between Permutation and
Combination

Permutation : Arrangement
: Order matters

Combination : Selection
: Order doesn’t matters
Question: If suppose we have 3 objects A, B, C then
find no. of ways in which any 2 items can be
selected.

Answer:
1. AB (BA)
2. BC (CB)
3. CA (AC)
Question: If suppose we have 3 objects A, B, C then
find no. of ways to arrange any 2 items.

Answer:
1. AB
2. BA
3. BC
4. CB
5. CA
6. AC
Practice Question
1. In how many ways can we select a team of 4
players out of 15 eligible players.

[A] 1365
[B] 1455
[C] 1295
[D] 1525

Answer : A
2. In a class there are 6 boys and 5 girls. In how
many ways can a group of 5 members to be formed
by selecting 3 boys and 2 girls.

[A] 350
[B] 300
[C] 250
[D] 200

Answer : D
3. In how many ways 3 VIPs can be seated in 3 seats
of first row of a function.

[A] 3
[B] 4
[C] 5
[D] 6

Answer : D
Note : Number of ways of arranging ‘n’
different items in a row = n !

In previous question,

3 x 2 x 1 = 3! = 6 ways
4. In how many ways 5 medals of different games
can be arranged in a shelf.

[A] 100
[B] 110
[C] 120
[D] 150

Answer : C
5. Suppose you have to choose a 3 letter password.
First letter is an alphabet, followed by a number and
last one is an special character. There are 5 special
character available. Find no. of ways to choose
password.

[A] 1050
[B] 1200
[C] 1300
[D] 1560

Answer : C
Problems on Numbers

6. How many 2 digit numbers can be made from the


digits 1, 2, 3 and 4 without repetition?

[A] 24
[B] 18
[C] 12
[D] 6

Answer : C
7. How many 4 digit numbers are possible with the
digits 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 without repetition?

[A] 720
[B] 480
[C] 840
[D] 320

Answer : C
8. How many 4 digit numbers are possible with the
digits 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 if repetition is allowed?

[A] 2401
[B] 820
[C] 343
[D] 729

Answer : A
9. How many 4 digit numbers can be made from the
digits 7, 8, 5, 0, and 4 without repetition?

[A] 70
[B] 96
[C] 84
[D] 48

Answer : B
10. How many 3 digit numbers greater than 400 can
be made with the digits 2, 3, 4, 0, 5, 6 (digits cannot
be repeated)?

[A] 119
[B] 59
[C] 120
[D] 60

Answer : D
11. How many 3 digit numbers between 200 and 700
can be made with the digits 1, 3, 4, 0, 5, 6 (digits
cannot be repeated) ?

[A] 80
[B] 120
[C] 60
[D] None of these

Answer : A
12. How many 3 digit number can be formed with
the digits 5, 6, 2, 3, 7 and 9 which are divisible by 5
and none of its digit is repeated?

[A] 12
[B] 16
[C] 20
[D] 24

Answer : C
13. How many 4 digit number can be formed with
the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 which are divisible by 5
and none of its digit is repeated?

[A] 120
[B] 100
[C] 220
[D] 320

Answer : C
14. How many 4 digit odd number can be formed
with the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 if none of its digit is
repeated?

[A] 120
[B] 100
[C] 220
[D] 300

Answer : D
15. How many 4 digit even number can be formed
with the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 if none of its digit is
repeated?

[A] 120
[B] 420
[C] 220
[D] 200

Answer : B
16. Find the no of 3 digit numbers such that at least
one of the digit is 6 (with repetitions)?
Hint- total 3 digit number – 3 digit number without 6

[A] 252
[B] 345
[C] 648
[D] 560

Answer : A
Problems on Words:

17. In How many different ways the letters of the


word EQUATION can be arranged ?

[A] 7!
[B] 8!
[C] 9!
[D] 6!

Answer : B
18. In How many different ways the letters of the
word EQUATION can be arranged, if it starts with
letter Q ?

[A] 7!
[B] 8!
[C] 9!
[D] 6!

Answer : A
19. In How many different ways the letters of the
word EQUATION can be arranged, if it starts with
consonants?
[A] 7!
[B] 8!
[C] 2*7!
[D] 3*7!

Answer : D
20. In How many ways the word OPTICAL be
arranged such that all vowels are together?
[A] 720
[B] 820
[C] 2160
[D] 1000

Answer : A
21. In How many ways the word OPTICAL be
arranged such that all vowels are never together?
[A] 720
[B] 1000
[C] 2160
[D] 4320

Answer : D
22. In How many ways the word MANPOWER be
arranged such that all vowels are together?
[A] 3! 6!
[B] 2! 7!
[C] 3! 5!
[D] 4! 4!

Answer : A
23. In How many ways letters of word PRAISE be
arranged such that all consonants are together?
[A] 3! 4!
[B] 4! 4!
[C] 3! 5!
[D] 4! 5!

Answer : A
24. In How many ways letters of word PREVIOUS be
arranged such that all vowels always come together?

[A] 1440
[B] 2880
[C] 4320
[D] 840

Answer : B
25. In how many ways can the letters of word
FLEECED be arranged?

[A] 410
[B] 880
[C] 840
[D] 1260

Answer : C
26. Find the total arrangement of the letters of the
word “MISSISSIPPI?

[A] 34650
[B] 32540
[C] 28450
[D] 24560

Answer : A
27. In how many different ways can the letter of the
word “ELEPHANT” be arranged so that E’s are
never together?

[A] 5040
[B] 15120
[C] 20160
[D] 35280

Answer : B
28. Find the total arrangement of the letters of the
word “INVISIBILITY” such that all ‘I’ always come
together.

[A] 8!
[B] 8!*5!
[C] 8!*5
[D] 7!*5!

Answer : A
29. In how many ways can the letters of the word
“MACHINE” be arranged so that the vowels may
occupy only odd positions?

[A] 4*7!
[B] 576
[C] 288
[D] 4 * 4!

Answer : B
30. Find the rank of the word “CHASM” if all the
words can be formed by permuting the letters of this
word without repetition are arranged in dictionary
order.

[A] 24
[B] 31
[C] 32
[D] 30

Answer : C
31. Find the rank of the word “JAIPUR” if all the
words can be formed by permuting the letters of this
word without repetition are arranged in dictionary
order.

[A] 241
[B] 122
[C] 123
[D] 242

Answer : D
31. Find the rank of the word “INDIA” if all the
words can be formed by permuting the letters of this
word without repetition are arranged in dictionary
order.

[A] 41
[B] 42
[C] 45
[D] 46

Answer : D
32. Find the rank of the word “GOOGLE” if all the
words can be formed by permuting the letters of this
word without repetition are arranged in dictionary
order.

[A] 78
[B] 84
[C] 85
[D] 88

Answer : D
Problems on Combination (Group
Formation)
33. In how many ways a group of 4 men and 3
women be made out of a total of 8 men and 5
women?

[A] 720
[B] 700
[C] 120
[D] 360
Answer : B
34. There are 8 men and 7 women. In how many
ways a group of 5 people can be made such that the
particular woman is always to be included?

[A] 860
[B] 1262
[C] 1001
[D] 1768

Answer : C
35. There are 4 men and 3 women. In how many
ways a group of three people can be formed such
that there is at least 1 women in the group.

[A] 40
[B] 20
[C] 34
[D] 31

Answer : D
36. In a group of 6 boys and 5 girls, 5 students have
to be selected. In how many ways it can be done so
that at least 2 boys are included.

[A] 124
[B] 526
[C] 154
[D] 431

Answer : D
37. A box contains ten balls out of which 3 are red
and rest blue. In how many ways can a random
sample of six balls be drawn so that at most 2 red
balls are included.

[A] 105
[B] 189
[C] 168
[D] 175

Answer : D
38. In a party there are 12 persons. How many
handshakes are possible if every person handshake
with every other person?

[A] 66
[B] 24
[C] 72
[D] 68

Answer : A
Circular arrangements
n distinct objects --------- Linear---------n!
n distinct objects---------- Circular----- (n-1)!

Note: In circle there is symmetry and hence there is


no starting and end point, so when we need to
arrange n distinct objects around a circle 1st object
will break the symmetry ( specify the position) and it
can be done in 1 way and rest (n-1) objects can be
arranged in (n-1)! Ways

Circular arrangement of n objects= 1 x (n-1)!= (n-1)!


If there is a difference between Clockwise and anti-
Clockwise arrangement , and if

1. We need to arrange r objects out of n objects


then = nPr/r

2. We need to arrange all n distinct objects =nPn/n


= n!/n = (n-1)!
If there is no difference between Clockwise and
anti-Clockwise arrangement ( like in case of
Garlands, Bead and Necklace etc.) , and if

1. We need to arrange r objects out of n objects


then = nPr/2r

2. We need to arrange all n distinct objects =


nPn/2n = n!/2n = (n-1)!/2
39. In how many ways 5 Americans and 5 Indians be
seated along a circular table, so that they occupy
alternative positions

[A] 5! 5!
[B] 6! 4!
[C] 4! 5!
[D] 4! 4!

Answer : C
40. A meeting of 20 delegates is to be held in a hotel.
In how many ways these delegates can be seated
around a circular table if 3 particular delegates
always seat together.

[A] 17! 3!
[B] 18! 3!
[C] 17! 4!
[D] None

Answer : A
41. How many triangles can be formed by joining the
vertices of hexagon?

[A] 20
[B] 12
[C] 24
[D] 10

Answer : A
42. How many diagonals can be formed by joining
the vertices of hexagon?

[A] 10
[B] 12
[C] 9
[D] 8

Answer : C

You might also like