Cloud Framework

Cloud Computing?
Cloud computing is a utility-oriented and Internet-centric way
of delivering IT services on demand.

These services cover the entire computing stack: from the

hardware infrastructure packaged as a set of virtual machines to
software services such as development platforms and distributed
applications

•A data center is a facility that centralizes an organization's IT operations and

equipment, as well as where it stores, manages, and disseminates its data.
•On-premise or off-premise
Characteristics of Cloud
 Characteristics of Cloud
A) On demand self services:
i. computer services such as email, applications, network or
server service can be provided without requiring human
interaction with each service provider.
ii. Cloud service providers providing on demand self services
include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft, Google, IBM
and Salesforce.com.
B) Broad network access:
iii. Cloud Capabilities are available over the network and
accessed through standard mechanisms that promote
iv. use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms such
as mobile phones, laptops and PDAs.
 Characteristics of Cloud
C) Resource pooling:
i. The provider’s computing resources
are pooled together to serve
multiple consumers using multiple-
tenant model, with different physical
and virtual resources dynamically
assigned and reassigned according
to consumer demand.
ii. The resources include storage,
processing, memory, network
bandwidth, virtual machines and
email services as mobile phones,
laptops and PDAs.
 Characteristics of Cloud

D) Rapid elasticity:
i. Cloud services can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in
some cases automatically to quickly scale out and rapidly
released to quickly scale in.
ii. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning
often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any
quantity at any time.
iii. Rapid elasticity allows users to automatically request additional
space in the cloud or other types of services. Because of the
setup of cloud computing services, provisioning can be
seamless for the client or user.
 Characteristics of Cloud

• Elasticity allows the cloud provider’s customers to achieve cost

savings and this is often a core reason for adoption of cloud services
• Example - Say that 10 servers are required for a three month project.
With cloud services the company can provision them within minutes,
pay a small monthly operation + execution fee to run them rather
than a large upfront capital investment cost, and decommission
them at the end of the three months with no further charge.
 Contd …
E) Measured service:
i. Cloud computing resource usage can be measured, controlled,
and reported providing transparency for both the provider and
consumer of the utilized service.
ii. Cloud computing services use a metering capability which
enables to control and optimize resource use. This implies that
just like air time, electricity or municipality water IT services are
charged per usage metrics – pay per use. The more you utilize
the higher the bill.

iii. Cloud services generally charge users per hour of resource

usage, or based on the number of certain kinds of transactions
that have occurred, amount of storage in use, and the amount
of data transferred over a network. All usage is measured.
 Need for Cloud

Why are so many businesses moving to the cloud?

It’s because cloud computing increases efficiency and offers

many more benefits…
•Flexibility : Cloud-based services are ideal for businesses
with growing or fluctuating bandwidth demands.
• easy to scale up your cloud capacity
• to scale down again.
This level of agility can give businesses using cloud
computing a real advantage over competitors.
 Need for Cloud
•Disaster recovery :Businesses of all sizes
should be investing in robust disaster recovery.

• Automatic software updates: The beauty of

cloud computing is that the servers are off-premise,
out of sight and out of your hair. Suppliers take care
of them for you and roll out regular software
updates – including security updates .
Leaving you free to focus on the things that matter,
like growing your business.
 Need for Cloud

•Increased collaboration: When your teams can

access, edit and share documents anytime, from
anywhere, they’re able to do more together, and do it
better.
• Work from anywhere: With cloud computing,
if you’ve got an internet connection you can be at work.
• As a result, the businesses can offer more flexible working
perks to employees so they can enjoy the work-life balance
that suits them – without affecting productivity.
 Need for Cloud
•Capital-expenditure Free : Cloud computing cuts out
the high cost of hardware. You simply pay as you go and
enjoy a subscription-based model that’s kind to your cash
flow.
•Document control :The more employees and
partners collaborate on documents, the greater the need
for water tight document control.
When you make the move to cloud computing, all files are
stored centrally and everyone sees one version of the
truth. Greater visibility means improved collaboration,
which ultimately means better work and a healthier
bottom line.
 Need for Cloud
•Security :Lost laptops are a billion dollar business problem.
And potentially greater than the loss of an expensive piece of
kit is the loss of the sensitive data inside it. Cloud computing
gives you greater security.
• Competitiveness : Moving to the cloud gives access to
enterprise-class technology, for everyone. It also allows smaller
businesses to act faster than big, established competitors.
• Environmental friendly : When your cloud needs
fluctuate, your server capacity scales up and down to fit. So you
only use the energy you need and you don’t leave oversized
carbon footprints.
 Cloud Computing Architecture
• In cloud computing environment, physical
resources are made available to cloud users with
the help of virtualization software in the form of
virtual resources.
• Cloud computing architecture is not fixed as
other computing architectures, but it is different
on the basis of different jobs, resource
distribution.
 Cloud Computing Architecture
Basic cloud computing
environment is shown in the
Figure in which various
services such as available
servers, virtual desktop,
system software, application
software, database, etc. are
available for cloud users. Users
can avail the services using
any device such as desktop
system, laptop, mobile, tablet,
etc.,
 Cloud Computing Architecture

The Cloud Computing architecture is discussed based on

different criteria:
• On the Basis of Load Balancing
• On the Basis of Disk Provisioning
• On the Basis of Storage Management
• On the Basis of Hypervisor Installed
• On the Basis of Migration
• On the Basis of Service Relocation
• On the Basis of Cloud Balancing
• On the Basis of Virtual Switches Load Balancing
• On the Basis of Failure Detection and Recovery
 Key Design Aspects of Cloud Architecture, Cloud
Services and Cloud Applications
• Cloud computing has various issues related to its
architecture:
Issues at Design Level
– Issues of Architectural of Cloud Computing: Needs to support
essential features like separation, scalability and reusability with flexibility
– Platform Related Issues
Issues Related to the Implementation
– Issues related to Business:To see cost and security
– Technical Issues:Technical specification need to be solved at
various level without affecting performance
 Cloud and Dynamic Infrastructure
• Cloud service characteristics include reduced cost, high scalability,
pay-as-you-grow facility, guaranteed data center and network
uptime, better resource utilization, and lesser implementation time
since resources are available on demand.
• Cloud services are exclusive as they permit to see, amend and
share files saved on the cloud. At the same time, as no two cloud
services are alike, all of the services offer almost similar basic
functionality and features.
• The finest cloud computing services are those which permit to
store and upload any sort of file one would keep on his/her local
hard drive, from word documents to music files. Security issues can
be solved by file encryption, and password sharing is restricted to
protect the data.
 Cloud and Dynamic Infrastructure
 Points to consider while selecting a cloud provider
as per the requirement are given below:
• Ease of use
• Help and support
• Packaged software
• Shared software
• Tool management
• Mobile access
• Line of business services
• Customer-oriented services
 NIST Architecture
(National Institute of Standards and Technology)
NIST - 1. Cloud Actors
NIST :The Combined Conceptual Reference
Diagram
 Cloud deployment models
Deployment models define the type of access to the cloud.
•Public clouds. The cloud is open to the wider public.
• Private clouds. The cloud is implemented within the private
premises of an institution and generally made accessible to the
members of the institution or a subset of them.
• Hybrid or heterogeneous clouds. The cloud is a combination of
the two previous solutions and most likely identifies a private cloud
that has been augmented with resources or services hosted in a
public cloud.
• Community clouds. The cloud is characterized by a multi-
administrative domain involving different deployment models
(public, private, and hybrid), and it is specifically designed to
address the needs of a specific industry/organization.
 Public Cloud
•Public cloud – It allows systems and services to be accessible by
general public. It offers lesser security.
• the services offered are made available to anyone, from anywhere,
and at any time through the Internet.
•A fundamental characteristic of public clouds is multitenancy
•From a structural point of view they are a distributed system, most
likely composed of one or more datacenters connected together, on
top of which the specific services offered by the cloud are
implemented. Any customer can easily sign in with the cloud
provider, enter her credential and billing details, and use the services
offered
•Mega scale infrastructure
•Globally distributed
•Ex -Amazon EC2, Gmail
 Public Cloud
•A public cloud can offer any kind of service: infrastructure,
platform, or applications.
•For example, Amazon EC2 is a public cloud that provides
infrastructure as a service;
•Google App Engine is a public cloud that provides an
application development platform as a service;
• SalesForce.com is a public cloud that provides software as a
service.
•What makes public clouds peculiar is the way they are
consumed: They are available to everyone and are generally
architected to support a large quantity of users.
•What characterizes them is their natural ability to scale on
demand and sustain peak loads
 Public Cloud
Advantages
Public Cloud used to provide utility computing
1. COST SAVING - The most prevalent benefit in a public cloud is cost savings.
Organizations do not buy, install, operate or maintain servers or other equipment as they
would with private clouds. Organizations may develop their own applications, but they are
hosted by a public cloud provider.
2. RELIABILITY
Since public cloud employs large number of resources from different locations, if any of
the resource fail, public cloud can employ another one.
3. FLEXIBILITY
It is also very easy to integrate public cloud with private cloud, hence gives consumers a
flexible approach.
4.LOCATION INDEPENDENCE
Since, public cloud services are delivered through Internet therefore ensures location
independence.
5. UTILITY STYLE COSTING
Public cloud is also based on pay-per-use model and resources are accessible whenever
consumer needs it. It helps businesses, especially the small and medium size, to tightly
control their costs by paying for the infrastructure only based on their needs
 Public cloud contd..
6. HIGH SCALABILITY
Cloud resources are made available on demand from a pool of resources, i.e., they can be
scaled up or down according the requirement.
7. No Maintenance:
The cloud provider is responsible for the maintenance of the hardware, software, and
networks in the cloud. Businesses, therefore, do not need to worry about keeping their
infrastructure up-to-date or worry about aspects like security and upgrades

Example
–Amazon EC2: Amazon datacenters, Xen, EC2 APIs and administrative interface
–Google AppEngine: Google data center, GFS, AppEngine APIs, administrative interface…
–Batch processing softwares: MapReduce, Hadoop, Pig, Dryad
 Public cloud Disadvantages

1. Lacks proper controls: The client has no control of data

or infrastructure. There are issues of data privacy and
integrity. The service level policies and compliances are
completely enforced by the service provider.
2. Weak on Security: Since the hardware resource is
shared between multiple users, IT security issues are more
profound and data is vulnerable to thefts.
3. Performance: The performance of the network depends
on the speed of the internet connectivity.
 Private Cloud
•It allows systems and services to be accessible within an
organization. It offers higher security.
•managed by the organization or a 3rd party
•Located on or off premise
•Ex - SBI has built own private cloud
•Private clouds are virtual distributed systems that rely on a private
infrastructure and provide internal users with dynamic provisioning
of computing resources.
•Instead of a pay-as-you-go model as in public clouds, there could be
other schemes in place, taking into account the usage of the cloud
and proportionally billing the different departments or sections of
an enterprise.
•Private clouds have the advantage of keeping the core business
operations in-house by relying on the existing IT infrastructure and
reducing the burden of maintaining it once the cloud has been set
up.
 Private Cloud - Advantages
The private cloud allows systems and services to be accessible within an organization. It is
more secured because of its private nature. Datacenter are not available for rental.
1.) HIGHER SECURITY AND PRIVACY
• Private cloud operations are not available to general public and resources are shared from
distinct pool of resources, therefore, ensures high security and privacy. This restricted
access of private cloud can integrate with a firm's firewall.
2) Improved reliability: When compared to either dedicated hardware or public cloud
alternatives, private cloud offers a greater degree of reliability thanks to a fault resilient and
redundant architecture that isn't shared in any way.
3) Increased flexibility: Unlike a physical machine, a virtual machine can be scaled up and
down seamlessly. And when you own all the virtual machines, you can reallocate resources
dynamically, wherever they are needed most.
4) Total CONTROL
Private clouds have more control on its resources and hardware than public cloud because it
is accessed only within an organization. Although there is a fair amount of universal best
practice that you should no doubt follow, you are free to build and configure your private
cloud in any way you like. For example, you have the freedom to use any operating systems
and applications you please and to allocate resources in any way you see fit
5) Better performance - A private cloud stays inside company's intranet
network behind a firewall. It has less exposure to Internet security risks.
 Private cloud Disadvantages
1. RESTRICTED AREA
• Private cloud is only accessible locally and is very difficult to deploy globally.
2. INFLEXIBLE PRICING & Higher Cost
• In order to fulfill demand, purchasing new hardware is very costly. private clouds are more
expensive than public because they require both hardware and maintenance. You will
need not only the hardware but also the operating system and licenses for software
applications.
3. LIMITED SCALABILITY
• Private cloud can be scaled only within capacity of internal hosted resources.
4. ADDITIONAL SKILLS
• In order to maintain cloud deployment, organization requires more skilled and expertise.
5. Under-utilisation: With a private cloud, the cost of capacity under-utilisation is a cost to
you, not to your provider. Therefore managing and maximising utilisation becomes your
concern.
6. Maintenance - Set up and support for private cloud is more expensive and time consuming
than deploying on a public cloud service. It's an investment that needs continuous support
and maintenance. A private cloud service requires in-house IT administration.
Example - SBI
Oracle Cloud Platform, Cisco ONE Enterprise Cloud Suite,HP Data Centers
Private and Public cloud
Private vs Public Cloud
Private vs Public Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud
•It is a mixture of public and private cloud. The critical activities are
performed by private cloud and the non-critical activities are performed by
public cloud.
•Netflix, Hulu, Uber and Airbnb all rely heavily on hybrid cloud data
storage due to its on-demand and pay-per-use features.
•It allows enterprises to exploit existing IT infrastructures, maintain sensitive
information within the premises, and naturally grow and shrink by
provisioning external resources and releasing them when they’re no longer
needed.
•Security concerns are then only limited to the public portion of the cloud
that can be used to perform operations with less stringent constraints
•Hybrid clouds address scalability issues by leveraging external resources for
exceeding capacity demand. These resources or services are temporarily leased
for the time required and then released. This practice is also known as
cloudbursting
•it mostly applies to IT infrastructure rather than software services
 Hybrid Cloud contd..
With a hybrid cloud model,
however, companies can
leverage the security of a private
cloud with the power and
services of a public cloud.
While data stored in a private
environment will likely still have
to be transmitted to the public
cloud for analytics, applications,
and other processes, extensive
encryption methods can be
implemented to ensure this data
remains as secure as possible.
 Hybrid Cloud
• Top 5 Hybrid Cloud
Providers:
• Amazon
• Microsoft
• Google
• Cisco
• NetApp
 Hybrid Cloud Advantages
1. SCALABILITY
• It offers both features of public cloud scalability and private cloud scalability.
2. FLEXIBILITY
• It offers both secure resources and scalable public resources.
3. COST EFFICIENCIES
• Public cloud are more cost effective than private, therefore hybrid cloud can have
this saving.
4. SECURITY
• Private cloud in hybrid cloud ensures higher degree of security.
• Protecting valuable data is always a challenge in any networked enabled
applications.
5. Control - Rather than entrusting all aspects of IT infrastructure to a third-party cloud
provider, companies can customize the private end of their hybrid cloud model to their
specific needs and adjust them accordingly as they see fit.
6. Speed – Though this model is not as much as faster than public cloud but still it is
better than private one.
 Hybrid Cloud Disadvantages
NETWORKING ISSUES (complex system architecture)
• Networking becomes complex due to presence of private and public cloud.

SECURITY COMPLIANCE
• It is necessary to ensure that cloud services are compliant with organization's
security policies.

COST - While the public cloud can offer an attractive option for its flexibility and
relatively low cost to operate, building a private enterprise cloud requires significant
expenditure and can become expensive very quickly with all the physical hardware
necessary.

COMPATIBILITY - Compatibility across infrastructure can prove itself to be a major

issue when building a hybrid cloud. With dual levels of infrastructure, a private
cloud the company controls and a public one that it doesn’t, the chances are that
they will be running different stacks.
 Community Cloud
•It allows systems and services to be accessible by group of
organizations (sharing common interests).
•managed by organization or a 3rd party
•several orgs that have shared concerns
•Ex -CityCloud , A good example is the U.S.-based dedicated
IBM SoftLayer cloud for federal agencies
•Created by integrating the services of different clouds to
address the specific needs of an industry, a community, or a
business sector.
•The infrastructure is shared by several organizations and
supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g.,
mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance
considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a
third party and may exist on premise or off premise.
 Community cloud
• The community cloud allows systems and
services to be accessible by a group of
organizations.
• It is a cloud service model that provides
a cloud computing solution to a limited
number of individuals or organizations
that is governed, managed and secured
commonly by all the participating
organizations or a third party managed
service provider
• It shares the infrastructure between
several organizations from a specific
community.
• A multi-tenant setup developed using
cloud among different organizations that
belong to a particular community or
group having similar computing concern.
 Community cloud
• From an architectural point of view, a community cloud is
most likely implemented over multiple administrative
domains.
• This means that different organizations such as government
bodies, private enterprises, research organizations, and even
public virtual infrastructure providers contribute with their
resources to build the cloud infrastructure.
• Candidate sectors for community clouds are as follows:
• Media industry.
• Healthcare industry.
• Energy and other core industries.
• Public sector.
• Scientific research.
 Community cloud Advantages
COST EFFECTIVE
• Community cloud offers same advantage as that of private cloud at low
cost.
Flexibility & Scalability –
• The community cloud is very scalable and flexible as it is mostly compatible
with every user and they can modify as per their use.
Availability & Reliability –
• The replication of data is done in the cloud to protect it against the
disaster. It is replicated to various places which are safe and secure. The
cloud replicates your system, applications, and data to an alternate facility
SECURITY & COMPLIANCE
• Community cloud is comparatively more secure than the public cloud.
 Community cloud Disadvantages
• Since all data is housed at one location, one must be careful in
storing data in community cloud because it might be accessible
by others.

• It is also challenging to allocate responsibilities of governance,

security and cost.

• Costly than public cloud

Ex –
• Gov Cloud by Google
• Nebula by NASA
SERVICE MODELS
 Cloud Service Models
• The cloud computing stack: Cloud computing, often described as a stack, has a
broad range of services built on top of one another under the name cloud.
Cloud computing is based on service models. These are categorized into three
basic service models which are –

• Infrastructure-as–a-Service IaaS
• Platform-as-a-Service PaaS
• Software-as-a-Service SaaS

Anything-as-a-Service XaaS is yet another service model, which includes Network-

as-a-Service, Business-as-a-Service, Identity-as-a-Service, Database-as-a-Service or
Strategy-as-a-Service.

The Infrastructure-as-a-Service IaaS is the most basic level of service. Each of the
service models inherit the security and management mechanism from the
underlying model
Cloud Computing Services Classification
Infrastructure-as-a-Service IaaS
 IaaS/HaaS (Infrastructure- and Hardware-as-
a-Service)
(IaaS/HaaS) solutions are the most popular and developed
market segment of cloud computing.
• They deliver customizable infrastructure on demand.
• The main technology used to deliver and implement these
solutions is hardware virtualization: one or more virtual
machines configured and interconnected define the
distributed system on top of which applications are installed
and deployed .
• it reduces the administration and maintenance cost as well
as the capital costs allocated to purchase hardware
 IaaS reference implementation
It is possible to distinguish three principal layers: the physical infrastructure,
the software management infrastructure, and the user interface(i. e. web-
based mgmt. Intf)

The core features of an IaaS solution are implemented in the infrastructure

management software layer: In particular, management of the virtual machines. A
central role is played by the scheduler, which is in charge of allocating the execution
of virtual machine instances
 Characteristics of IaaS
The following core characteristics describe IaaS:
•Resources distributed as a service
•Allows for dynamic scaling
•Has a variable cost, utility pricing model
•Allows for multiple users on a single piece of hardware
 Infrastructure-as-a-Service IaaS
IaaS provides access to the following • This model delivers computer
fundamental resources such as: infrastructure on an outsourced
• physical machines, basis to support enterprise
• virtual machines, operations
• virtual storage,
• All of the above resources are made
• rent processing, storage, available to end user via server
• N/W capacity and computing resources, virtualization.
• Firewall, load balance, etc.
• Moreover, these resources are
• Load Balancer
accessed by the customers as if they
• IP Adresses own them.
• Software Bundels
• Data Center Space
• Network Component
 IaaS Benefits
IaaS allows the cloud provider to freely locate the infrastructure over the Internet in a
cost-effective manner.
Some of the key benefits of IaaS are listed below:
1. Full Control of the computing resources through Administrative Access to VMs.
IaaS allows the consumer to access computing resources through administrative
access to virtual machines in the following manner:

• Consumer issues administrative command to cloud provider to run the virtual

machine or to save data on cloud's server.
• Consumer issues administrative command to virtual machines they owned to start
web server or installing new applications.
 IaaS Benefits
2. Flexible and Efficient renting of Computer Hardware.
• IaaS resources such as virtual machines, storages, bandwidth, IP addresses, monitoring
services, firewalls, etc.,
• all are made available to the consumers on rent.
• The consumer has to pay based the length of time a consumer retains a resource. Also
with administrative access to virtual machines, the consumer can also run any
software, even a custom operating system.

3. Portability, Interoperability with Legacy Applications.

• It is possible to maintain legacy between applications and workloads between IaaS
clouds.
• For example, network applications such as web server, e-mail server that normally runs
on consumer-owned server hardware can also be run from VMs in IaaS cloud.
4. Cost Saving & On Demand Scalability

5. No need to set up, maintain or update the hardware

6. IaaS has greater reliability with the service provider. If any particular hardware
components fail, or even internet connection fails or entire data go offline, an
organization’s infrastructure would not be affected
 Iaas Issues
1. Changing the provider is very much complicated
2. Possible privacy issues due to the provider's server locations
3. Security
• The enterprise does not have any control over cloud security in an IaaS environment.
They need to review the Cloud Service provider’s service level agreement (SLA) to help them
understand its security obligations and thereby identifying gaps in their security coverage
4. Lack of flexibility
• Service providers maintain the software, but they do not upgrade the software for some
of the businesses
5. Technical problems
• Organizations faces some downtime with IaaS, and it will restrict their access to
applications and data
6. Over Dependency
• Having IaaS in your organization means have a full dependency on the provider or third
party for your data
7. Upgrade & Maintenance
• The organization is solely responsible for any upgrades of software and maintenance of
tools or data system.
 When to use and when not to use
When to use IaaS
The following situations are particularly suitable for cloud infrastructure:
•Any time there are significant spikes and troughs of demand on the
infrastructure.
•For new organizations without the capital to invest in hardware.
•When the organization is growing rapidly, and scaling hardware would be
problematic.
•When there is pressure on the organization to limit capital expenditure and to
move to operating expenditure.
•For a specific line of business, trial, or temporary infrastructure needs.
When not to use IaaS
Although IaaS has advantages when scalability and quick provisioning are
beneficial, the following is a situation in which its limitations might be
problematic:
•Regulatory compliance makes the off-shoring or outsourcing of data storage
and processing difficult.
Platform-as-a-Service PaaS
 PaaS
• PaaS provides the runtime environment for applications, development and
deployment tools, etc.
• Platform as a service (PaaS) is a cloud computing model in which a third-
party provider delivers hardware and software tools -- usually those needed
for application development -- to users over the internet
• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) solutions provide a development and
deployment platform for running applications in the cloud.
• They constitute the middleware on top of which applications are built
• They automate the process of deploying applications to the infrastructure,
configuring application components, provisioning and configuring
supporting technologies such as load balancers and databases, and
managing system change based on policies set by the user.
• From a user point of view, the core middleware exposes interfaces that
allow programming and deploying applications on the cloud
• Also integrate third-party cloud services offered from other vendors by
leveraging service-oriented architecture
PaaS Reference Model
 Characteristics of PaaS
Following are some basic characteristics of PaaS:
•Services to develop, test, deploy, host, and support applications in the
same integrated development environment—all the various services
needed to fulfill the app development process.
•Web-based user interface (UI) creation tools used to create, change,
test, and deploy different UI scenarios.
•Multi-tenant architecture in which many concurrent users use the same
development app.
•Built-in scalability of deployed software, including load balancing and
failover.
•Integration with web services and databases via common standards.
•Support for development team collaboration. Some PaaS solutions
include project planning and communication tools to support
development team collaboration.
•Tools to handle billing and subscription management.
 PaaS
EXAMPLES -
• Google's App Engine, Force.com
• Microsoft Azure, Aneka, salesforce.com,
• AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Heroku, Apache
Stratos, Ali Baba are examples of PaaS
offering vendors.
Automated Updates:
PaaS - Benefits
• software updates are automatically done and you get access to all the latest versions,
updates etc.
• There is no risk of missing out on an update. This can save you plenty of resources and
time. Security patches take care of any bugs and other security issues.
Low Investments:
• You can use the software without having to make any investment in infrastructure that
otherwise they procure in an in-house environment. Although IaaS allow shifting the
capital cost into operational costs through outsourcing, PaaS can cut the cost across
development, deployment, and management of applications.
Reduced Costs:
• Since the payment model is pay-as-you-use, there is considerable savings for you
without having to install the necessary software like databases, server etc to run the
applications.
Collaboration:
• Since it is an internet-based platform, it enables the employees to login and work on
the applications from anywhere, make their updates without physically being present
in the business premises.
Focus:
• Your IT team can focus better on core applications rather than being diverted on
maintenance of the system.
 PaaS disadvantages
Vendor lock-in:
• This is one possibility you must check thoroughly before signing up with a provider. If you get
locked in a specific language, program, or interface that could affect you with some
unnecessary system that you do not require.
Dependency on Vendor
• On the one hand, it’s a great advantage that a certain part of work is done by the provider
without you having to make an effort.
• On the other hand, your business will still be governed by the provider’s functional
capabilities, speed and reliability.
• That’s why it’s very important to be confident in your business partner and be prepared for
some unforeseen circumstances that may happen to even the most reliable provider.
• At the very least, you should perform your own data backup, for your peace of mind.
Compatibility of Existing Infrastructure
• A new platform is a new environment where legacy solutions are supposed to continue to
work. Undoubtedly, some difficulties and contradictions may arise when two systems come
into contact. Thus, it’s crucial to understand possible compatibility problems beforehand and
to prepare to solve them.
Security Risks
• As a rule, PaaS software is available in a public environment where multiple end users have
access to the same basic resources.
 When to use and when not to use
When to use PaaS
•PaaS is especially useful when multiple developers are working on a development
project or when other external parties need to interact with the development process.
•PaaS is invaluable for those who have an existing data source and want to create
applications that leverage that data.
•PaaS is also useful when developers want to automate testing and deployment services.
•The popularity of agile software development is increasing the adoption of PaaS
because it eases the difficulties around rapid development and iteration of software.

When not to use PaaS

The ability to automate processes, use predefined components and building blocks, and
deploy automatically to production creates value that makes PaaS highly attractive.
However, PaaS might not be ideal in the following situations:
•The app needs to be highly portable in terms of hosting.
•Proprietary languages or approaches would impact the development process.
•A proprietary language would hinder later moves to another provider.
•Application performance requires customization of the underlying hardware and
software.
Software-as-a-Service SaaS
 SaaS
• SaaS is a software delivery model that provides access to applications
through the Internet as a Web-based service.
• It provides a means to free users from complex hardware and software
management by offloading such tasks to third parties, which build
applications accessible to multiple users through a Web browser
• customers neither need install anything on their premises nor have to pay
considerable up-front costs to purchase the software and the required
licenses. They simply access the application website, enter their
credentials and billing details, and can instantly use the application
• SaaS applications can serve different needs. CRM, ERP, and social
networking applications are definitely the most popular ones
 SaaS
• Cloud computing is a broad term that describes a wide range of services.
As with other significant developments in technology, many vendors have
seized the term cloud and are using it for products that are outside of the
common definition.
• the cloud is a broad collection of services, organizations can choose
where, when, and how they use cloud computing.
SaaS
 Services of IaaS
Following are some defining services/benefits of SaaS:
Web access to commercial software
Software managed from a central location
Software delivered in a "one to many" model
Users not required to handle software upgrades and
patches
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) makes
integration between different pieces of software possible
 SaaS Cloud Providers
• Google App (online office)
• Billing and Invoicing System
• CRM application
• Help Desk application
• HR Solutions
• Video Processing,
• CRM by Salesforce.com.
• LotusLive,
• Social Networks,
• Office Suits
• Billing and Collaboration Service
• Financial management packages
 SaaS benefits
Reduced Expences : SaaS removes the need for organizations to install and run applications on
their own computers or in their own data centers. This eliminates the expense of hardware
acquisition, provisioning and maintenance, as well as software licensing, installation and support.
• The expense of buying and installing the entire software and IT infrastructure in-house is
negated when the software is rented from a third-party service provider.
Flexible payments: Rather than purchasing software to install, or additional hardware to support
it, customers subscribe to a SaaS offering. Generally, they pay for this service on a monthly basis
using a pay-as-you-go model.
Scalable usage: Cloud services like SaaS offer high vertical scalability, which gives customers the
option to access more, or fewer, services or features on-demand.
Trouble Free Upgradation
• It is a cumbersome task to upgrade your existing software and hardware to the newer
versions.
• In many cases, businesses do not have the budget or the IT manpower to upgrade software
every subsequent year.
• This in turn leaves the software vulnerable to external threats.
• On the other hand, when you opt for a SaaS application, this is one burden less for you to
bear and removes a significant workload from your in-house IT department. The extra human
bandwidth can be used for other tasks such as integration with in-house applications.
 SaaS benefits contd
Modest Software Tools
• The SaaS application deployment requires a little or no client side software installation
which results in the following benefits:
• No requirement for complex software packages at client side

Efficient use of Software Licenses

• The client can have single license for multiple computers running at different locations
which reduces the licensing cost. Also, there is no requirement for license servers
because the software runs in the provider's infrastructure.
Centralized Management & Data
• The data stored by the cloud provider is centralized. However, the cloud providers may
store data in a decentralized manner for sake of redundancy and reliability.
Platform responsibilities managed by provider
• All platform responsibilities such as backups, system maintenance, security, hardware
refresh, power management, etc., are performed by the cloud provider. The consumer
needs not to bother about them.
 SaaS disadvantages
Insufficient Data Security
This is one of the top concerns for companies who are looking to opt for a SaaS-based application
model. Issues such as identity and access management need to be addressed before trusting any
third party service provide with your company's sensitive data. Particularly in the case of
accessibility from a mobile device, strict measures need to be taken before any kind of sensitive
data is divulged to the service provider.
Connectivity requirement –
since the SaaS model is based on web delivery, if your internet service fails, you will lose access to
your software or data
Performance –
SaaS may run at somewhat slower speeds than on-premise client or server applications, so it's
worth keeping performance in mind your software isn't hosted on a local machine.
Difficulty with Regulations Compliance
When your business critical data is stored in the service provider's data center, it is difficult to
comply with the government's data protection regulations. Your company will need to learn
which rules apply to your business, ask the right questions from your service provider, and
address any kind of inconsistencies in the process.
Troublesome Software Integration
When working with an external SaaS service provider to host multiple apps, there might be an
integration problem with the existing in-house software. The in-house APIs and data structures
might not integrate properly with the external software. As a result, you should always perform
compatibility checks with all SaaS applications for better results.
When to use and When not to use SaaS
When to use SaaS
Cloud computing and SaaS, in particular, are rapidly growing methods of delivering technology.
Organizations moving to the cloud need to consider which applications they need to move to SaaS.
The following are solutions that are prime candidates for an initial move to SaaS:
Standard offerings in which the solution is largely undifferentiated—for example, email. Competitors often use
the same email software because this fundamental technology is a requirement for doing business but doesn't
award a competitive advantage.
Applications in which there is significant interplay between the organization and the outside world—for
example, email newsletter campaign software.
Applications that have a significant need for web or mobile access—for example, mobile sales management
software.
Collaboration software for a specific project.
Software for which demand spikes significantly—for example, tax or billing software used after a month.
The Salesforce Customer Relationship Management (CRM) product was the first SaaS product made available to
the business world. As one of the earliest entrants, CRM remains the most popular SaaS app area, but email,
financial management, customer service, and expense management have also become popular SaaS
applications.
When not to use SaaS
Although SaaS is a valuable tool, it's not the best option for software delivery in certain situations. The following
are examples where SaaS might not be appropriate:
Applications in which that need fast processing of real-time data.
Applications which cannot host data externally because of legislation or other regulations.
 Real life Example
• SaaS: Government bus or train as a mode of
transport – where you just catch and go on your
Journey. You are directly using the service provided
by the government.
• PaaS: Using Cab like Uber as a mode of transport. In
this case you are calling the cab services to be at your
service. Patrol and maintenance and other things will
be taken care by the cab provider.
• IaaS: Renting a Car where you are responsible
for driving, patrol and its minor maintenance.
 Recovery as a service (RaaS)
• Recovery as a service (RaaS), sometimes referred to as disaster
recovery as a service (DRaaS), is a category of cloud computing
used for protecting an application or data from a natural or
human disaster or service disruption at one location by enabling a
full recovery in the cloud.
• RaaS differs from cloud-based backup services by protecting data
and providing standby computing capacity on demand to
facilitate more rapid application recovery.
• RaaS capacity is delivered in a cloud-computing model so
recovery resources are only paid for when they are used, making
it more efficient than a traditional disaster recovery warm site or
hot site where the recovery resources must be running at all times
 Questions
• 1. Comparison between deployment models -
Private, Public, Hybrid and Community Cloud -
pros, cons, example
• 2. Comparison between service models - IaaS,
PaaS, SaaS - pros, cons, example
• 3. Also do comparison of their Advantages and
Disadvantages