Scribd
Upload
50 views

1 - Fundamentals of Database Management Systems

Uploaded by

Satvik Madan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
50 views

1 - Fundamentals of Database Management Systems

Uploaded by

Satvik Madan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

Module 1

DBMS
Fundamentals concepts and Architecture
What is a Database?
Organized collection of related data

A repository or container for a collection of data files

Database can be of any size and complexity

Generated and maintained manually or may be

computerized
Stored on disk and accessible by concurrent users
What is DBMS?
Collection of programs that allow users to create and
maintain a database
Software package designed to store and manage
database
General purpose software system that facilitates the
process of defining, constructing, manipulating and
sharing database among various users and
applications
Other functions include protection and maintenance
Database System
Database and DBMS software together form a Database
systems
Purpose of DB systems (Disadvantages of FPS)
Data redundancy and inconsistency
Difficulty in accessing data
Data isolation
Integrity problems
Atomicity problems
Concurrent access anomalies
Security problems – access policies
Simplified Database System Environment
Database System Applications
Banking and Finance
Universities
Airlines
Telecommunications
Enterprise Information and so on….
Actors
Database Administrator
DB designers
End users
Casual end user
Naïve or parametric end user
Sophisticated end user
Standalone user
System Analysts and application programmers
Workers behind the scene
Those who work to maintain the database system
environment

DBMS system designers and implementers


Tool developers
Operators and maintenance personnel (System
Admin)
Advantages of using DBMS approach
Controlling redundancy
Restricting unauthorised access
Providing persistent storage for program objects
Providing backup
Providing multiple user interface
Data models
One fundamental characteristic of the database
approach - data abstraction.
Data abstraction generally refers to the suppression
of details of data organization and storage, and the
highlighting of the essential features
To achieve this abstraction, data models are used
A data model—a collection of concepts that can be
used to describe the structure of a database
The structure of a database means the data types,
relationships, and constraints that apply to the data
Categories of Data Models
categorized according to the types of concepts they use to describe the
database structure
High-level or conceptual data models provide concepts that are
close to the way many users perceive data
 Eg- Entity-Relationship model
Low-level or physical data models provide concepts that describe
the details of how data is stored on the computer storage media
 meant for computer specialists, not for end users.
Representational (or implementation) data models hide many
details of data storage on disk
 eg. – Relational model
 Sometimes called record-based data models.
Schema
Database schema - description of a database
specified during database design and is not expected
to change frequently
Schema Example
Instances and Database State
The data in the database at a particular moment in time
is called a database state or snapshot.
The instances can be changed by certain
CRUD[CREATE,READ,UPDATE,DELETE]operations as
like addition, deletion of data.
Example –
Let’s say a table teacher in our database whose name is
School, suppose the table has 50 records so the instance
of the database has 50 records for now and tomorrow we
are going to add another fifty records so tomorrow the
instance have total 100 records. This is called an instance.
Three Schema Architecture
Database Languages
Data definition language (DDL) - used by the DBA and by
database designers to define schemas
 DDL compiler - processes DDL statements and stores the
schema description in the DBMS catalog

Data manipulation language (DML)– used for retrieval,


insertion, deletion, and modification of the data.
 Procedural DMLs require a user to specify what data are
needed and how to get those data.
 Declarative DMLs (also referred to as nonprocedural
DMLs) require a user to specify what data are needed without
specifying how to get those data.
Database Languages
Data Control Language (DCL) - used for granting and
revoking user access on a database
 Grant: To grant access to user
 Revoke: To revoke access from user
.
Transaction Control Language (TCL)– The changes in
the database that we made using DML commands are
either performed or rollbacked using TCL
 Commit: It is used to save the transaction on the database.
 Rollback: It is used to restore the database to original since
the last Commit.
DBMS Interfaces
Menu-Based Interfaces for Web Clients or Browsing
Forms-Based Interfaces
Graphical User Interfaces
Natural Language Interfaces
Speech Input and Output
Interfaces for Parametric Users
Interfaces for the DBA
DBMS Component Modules
Database Architecture
The architecture of a database system is greatly
influenced by the underlying computer system on
which the database system runs.
Database systems can be centralized, or distributed
Centralized and Client/Server Architectures
for DBMSs
Two main types of basic DBMS architectures were
created on this underlying client/server framework:
two-tier
three-tier
Two-tier Architecture
Application resides at the client machine
and it invokes database system
functionality at the server machine
through query language statements.

API standards like ODBC and JDBC are


used for client – server interaction
Three-tier Architecture
Classification of DBMS
Classification based on data model
 Relational
 Hierarchical
 Network
 Object oriented
 XML

Classification based on the number of users


 Single user
 Multiuser

Classification based on database distribution


 Centralized database system
 Distributed database system
 Homogeneous
 Heterogeneous
References
1. Fundamentals of Database Systems by Ramez
Elmasri and Shamkant B.Navathe Pearson
Education,2013
2. Database System Concepts by Abraham Silberschatz,
Henry F.Korth and S.Sudarshan, Tata Mc Graw Hill,
2011

You might also like