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Introduction of Biochemistry

The document discusses the definition and scope of biochemistry. It covers topics like biomolecules, enzymes, and the importance of biochemistry in areas like medicine, biotechnology, genetics and more. It also provides context on how biochemical studies help understand various biological processes and diseases.

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abineupane11
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views

Introduction of Biochemistry

The document discusses the definition and scope of biochemistry. It covers topics like biomolecules, enzymes, and the importance of biochemistry in areas like medicine, biotechnology, genetics and more. It also provides context on how biochemical studies help understand various biological processes and diseases.

Uploaded by

abineupane11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

BIOCHEMISTRY

Mr.Bibek Pun Magar


Assistant Professor
(Clinical Biochemistry)
Cont…

BIOCHEMISTRY
General objectives:
At the end of this class, you will be able to describe
the definition, scope and importance of biochemistry.
Cont…

BIOCHEMISTRY
 The term Biochemistry was introduced by the Carl

Neuberg in 1903 .
Definition:- Biochemistry is the branch of science,
which deals with the study of chemical and
physiochemical processes and substances which occurs
with in living organisms.
Cont…

It is the study of chemical substances and

biochemical processes occurring in living organisms,

focusing mainly on role, function, structure and

composition of bio-molecules. like: Enzymes,

carbohydrates, amino-acids, fats, proteins, hormones,

DNA & RNA etc.


Cont…

Human chemistry: Human chemistry is defined

as the quantitative study of reactions between human

molecules and structures they form.


Cont…

Aim of Biochemistry:
The main objective of medical Biochemistry is to
understand all the chemical process associated with
human being at molecular level. For this,
Biochemistry isolates numerous molecules from cell
and determines their structure and analyzes how they
function.
Cont…

Relation of Biochemistry to other life sciences:


a. Genetics- Knowledge of Nucleic Acid at molecular
level and its metabolism is most essential for genetics.
b. Immunology- It includes much biochemical
technique that are the basis of biochemistry.
c. Pharmacology and Pharmacy-A sound Knowledge
of biochemistry in many drug metabolism, drug assay
are necessary.
Cont…

d. Pathology- Biochemical study is being used

increasingly to study many aspect of pathology.

e. Microbiology, Zoology, Botany-Many scientist use

biochemical approaches to study these subject.

Sound knowledge of biochemistry is essential in this

field.
Cont…

Scope & Importance of Biochemistry:

The scope of biochemistry is as vast as life itself,

Every aspect of life-birth, growth, reproduction, aging

and death, involves biochemistry.

The importance of biochemistry is immense &

indispensible in our daily life activities.


Cont…

They are:
 It is used in clinical diagnosis and treatment of
diseases.
To know the biochemical basis of disease:
 Sickle cell anaemia

 Diabetes mellitus

 Atherosclerosis etc.
Cont…

It is used in manufactures of various biological


products like vaccines, growth factors and monoclonal
antibodies.
The study of biochemistry helps to understand the
actual chemical concept of biology.

The functioning of various body processes &


physiology by uses of bio-molecules.
Cont…

Biochemistry is one of the branches of chemistry


which deals with chemical basis of life in plants &
animals.
It describes the origin, formation, function, deficiency
and symptoms of diseases etc.

The function & role of vitamins is described by


biochemistry.
Cont…

Biochemistry is crucial to the medical field in


understanding how the human body functions in both
normal and various disease states.
In hospital, the importance of clinical biochemistry is
invaluable. When a patient is in the hospital, medical
person need to keep watch on how his condition is
progressing through clinical biochemistry. eg:-RFT,
LFT, TFT etc.
Cont…

Followings are the disciplines in the field of


biochemistry:
1. Biological importance:
Biochemistry is going on vast application in

a. Biotechnology- Nowadays the universe has become the


world of biotechnology. Here various hybrid commercial
useful products for man and other animals are obtaining
from biotechnological process. Here study of gene,
genetic material, chromosome at molecular level are
necessary that is the sole component of biochemistry.
Cont…
Cont…

b. Forensic Science: Biochemical technique like finger


printing, PCR and blood grouping has been widely used for
identification of discrimination, thief etc.
c. Genetic engineering: Knowledge of biochemistry for
manipulation of gene to produce new protein, new gene in
case of inherited deficiency is necessary.
d. Human reproductive biology: Knowledge of Hormone,
amniotic fluid substance is essential whose study is done by
biochemical investigation.
Cont…

2. Medical Importance:
a. Biomedical engineering: Here production of
artificial limb, spare parts for human body is done.
b. Microbiology: Here detailed study of
microorganism is done up to molecular level.
c. Nutrition: Molecular structure and metabolic study
of nutrient required for nourishment of mankind is
done.
Cont…

d. Pathology: Here causes, pathogenesis, symptom,


effect, clinical finding are studied.
e. Medicine:
 Generally most of the diseases are biochemical basis.
Mainly abnormality in normal health condition
(disease) is due to abnormalities of molecules, chemical
reaction or biochemical process. Therefore biochemical
studies have much aspect of health and disease.
Thus study of various aspects of health and disease are
new area of biochemistry. And knowledge of
biochemistry and medicine will give great mutual
advantage.
Cont…

3. Applied importance:
a. Dairy Technology: To obtain balanced calorific milk
product, biochemical analysis must be essential. So
knowledge of calorific value will give the greater
advantage over humankind.
b. Food Technology: Here processing and preservation
of food is done. So knowledge of preservative and
its biochemical function is necessary.
Cont…

BIOMOLECULES:
Definition: Biomolecules are defined as the organic
compound normally present as an essential
component of living organism.
Bio-molecules include large macromolecules such as:
protein, carbohydrate, lipid and nucleic acid as well
as small molecules such as, primary metabolites,
secondary metabolites and natural products.
Cont…

The important bio-molecules are:-


1.Water:- Being the universal solvent major
constituents (60-70%) of any living body, without
water which life is impossible.
-It act as a media for the physiological & biochemical
reaction in the body itself.
Cont…

2. Carbohydrate:- It is very important for source of


energy for any physical body function.

3. Protein:- These are very important for the body


maintenance and helps in tissue & cell formation.

4. Lipid:- These are very important for energy source


as well as human nutrition point of view.
Cont…

5.Nucleic acids:- Nucleic acid are very important as


DNA carries the hereditary information & RNA helps in
protein formation for body.

6. Enzymes:- Enzymes are simple or combined proteins


acting as specific catalysts & activates the various
biochemical & metabolic process with in the body.
Cont…

The enzymes of cellular metabolism are located with

in the tissue cells and are present there in high

concentration. Only few enzymes exit free in the

cellular fluid.

If the cells activity is impair or damaged, the cell

membrane are become permeable or ruptures.


Cont…

 The cellular contents including enzymes are released

out from cell and reach finally to plasma.

 Detection of enzymes for diagnosis or prognosis of

disease.
Cont…

Change in the enzyme concentration in the blood can


be measured by colorimetric and spectrophotometric
method. This determination is helpful to:
◦Assess the severity of organ damage
◦Follow the trend of disease
◦Determine the disease
◦Determine the post operative risk.
Thank you…!

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