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1 Introduction

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Sujata Sarkar
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22 views

1 Introduction

Uploaded by

Sujata Sarkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rudiments of Remote Sensing and

advantages
REMOTE SENSING
Remote sensing is the technology of acquiring
information about the Earth's surface without
actually being in contact with it.
This is done by sensing and recording reflected or
emitted energy and processing, analyzing, and
applying that information.
Thus, remote sensing is the process of inferring
surface parameters from measurements of the
electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from the Earth’s
surface
REMOTE SENSING
A. Energy Source or illumination
B. Radiation and the atmosphere
C. Interaction with the target
D. Transmission of energy from
the object to the sensor
E. Recording of energy by the sensor
F. Transmission of the recorded information to the
ground station
G. Processing of the data into digital or hard copy image
H. Analysis of data (Hardcopy interpretation or computer to
analyze digital data)
Generalized processes and elements involved in remote sensing :
 Two Basic Processes Involved
 I. Data Acquisition II. Data Analysis
The elements of the data acquisition are
 A. Emission of electromagnetic radiation
 The Sun or an EMR source located on the platform
 B. Transmission of energy through atmosphere from the source to the object
 Absorption and scattering of the EMR while transmission
 C. Interaction of EMR with the object and subsequent reflection and emission
 D. Transmission of energy from the object to the sensor
 E. Recording of energy by the sensor
 Photographic or non-photographic sensors
 F. Transmission of the recorded information to the ground station
 G. Processing of the data into digital or hard copy image
 H. Analysis of data (Hardcopy interpretation or computer to analyze digital data)
 I. Compilation of information (Maps, tables or files and used as layers in GIS
with other layers)
 J. User ( who apply for decision making process)
Remote Sensing Platforms
Remote sensing platforms can be classified as follows,
based on the elevation from the Earth’s surface at which
these platforms are placed.
 Ground level remote sensing
 Ground level remote sensors are very close to the ground
 They are basically used to develop and calibrate sensors for
different features on the Earth’s surface.
 Aerial remote sensing
 Low altitude aerial remote sensing
 High altitude aerial remote sensing
 Space borne remote sensing
 Space shuttles
 Polar orbiting satellites
 Geo-stationary satellites
REMOTE SENSING: ADVANTAGES
 Synoptic view
 Global coverage
 Repeatability
 Multispectral: Sensors can measure energy at
wavelengths beyond range of human vision
Multi-resolution
 Near Real-time
 Systematic data collection
The only solution sometimes for the otherwise
inaccessible areas
Generic data: Multipurpose purpose datasets
Advantages of remote sensing technology
Processing and analysis is fast
Microwave remote sensing can penetrate clouds and
dry sand
Optimizes field investigations
 Updating / revision of exiting maps is inexpensive and
faster
Color composites ensure the details of the area
In natural disasters studies and rescue mission
becomes easy and fast
Overall cost effective
REMOTE SENSING: ADVANTAGES
1. Remote sensing is UNOBTRUSIVE if the sensor
passively records the EMR reflected or emitted by the
object of interest. Passive remote sensing does not
disturb the object or area of interest.
2. Remote sensing devices may be programmed to
collect data systematically, such as within a 10 x 10 km
frame of vertical aerial photography. This systematic
data collection can remove the sampling bias introduced
in some in situ investigations.
3. Under controlled conditions, remote sensing can
provide fundamental biophysical information, including
x,y location, z elevation or depth, biomass, temperature,
and moisture content.
2000s : Hyperspectral
Remote Sensing
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) / Drone
based Remote Sensing
Advantages:
UAV based Remote Sensing (UAV-RS) is for large-scale mapping
and real time assessment and monitoring activities of various
applications.
UAVs can perform efficient surveys for disaster prone or
physically inaccessible areas, quick damage assessment of
landslides, floods and earthquakes for enabling relief measures.
Can acquire data of various environments that are dangerous to
human life
Can acquire visual or thermal images
Programmable to complete the mission autonomously
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) / Drone based
Remote Sensing
Disadvantages:
Limitation in the size of the study area
Constraint in processing of large volume of data
Requirement of large scale processing and large storage space, etc.
In addition, existing features capturing and extraction techniques need to
be improved for processing of high dimensional UAV data.
Immoral
Can be hacked
Limitation of payload
Weather costraints
If contact is lost with controls, than the UAV may also be lost.
ORBITS

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