Life and Work of Samora Machel (1st President of Mozambique)
By: Jos Luis Sambo Manuel C. Zunguze
Overview
Introduction Samora Machel: The son The student The employee The militant The husband President The accident References
Introduction
We believe that is not possible to transcribe in a sheet of paper or even in a presentation the life and greatness of "Papa Samora.
This presentation intends to run consistently and provide a summary of the life and work of Samora Machel, a short biography of the most known of his life, that is, a history of all stages of his life - from childhood to adulthood, the son Samora to Samora President - and, consequently, a passage aspects of the tragic accident.
Samora Machel: The son
Samora Machel was born in Madragoa (Chilembene today), a long and fertile lands of the Limpopo Valley, in the current district of Chokwe, Gaza Province, on September 29, 1933. Grandson of Malengani Maguiguana a warrior (who later received due to his courage, the nickname Maghivelani), his father was Mandanda Moises Machel, a relatively wealthy farmer in the area.
Like any child of his age, Samora (right) also shepherded the cattle of his father.
Very early Samora Machel was educated in the traditions of his family, learning from there the desire to be free.
Samora Machel: the student
Samora Machel began attending school when he was nine years, the Mission of St. Paul Messano, at the time of the Portuguese colonial government handed the "Indigenous education" to the Catholic Church, where, in addition to paying high fees, students were forced to cultivate the rich fields of the mission. After primary school with great effort, Samora Machel, about 18 years, wanted to proceed with his studies, but the priests only authorizes him to study theology because secondary education was forbidden for "black", then Samora decided to try life in Loureno Marques (Maputo).
Samora Machel: the employee
Arrived in Loureno Marques (Maputo), Samora Machel get a job at the Hospital Miguel Bombarda (now Maputo Central Hospital). In 1952 he attended the nursing program, and then, at his expense, in a night school, paid for his secondary education. In 1956 he was appointed as a nurse on the island of Inhaca.
Samora Machel: the militant
After meeting with Eduardo Mondlane who visited the country in 1961, Samora Machel in 1963 leaves the country to join Frelimo which had been founded on June 25 previous year in Tanzania. Consequently, Samora was introduced in a group of recruits (one of the first) to receive military training in Algeria.
On his return to Tanzania, was immediately appointed commander. Later, Samora Machel was actively involved in triggering the armed struggle in September 25, 1964, developing plans, selecting and organizing commanders infiltration.
Samora Machel: the militant
In 1965, Samora Machel directs the initiation of armed struggle in the eastern sector of Niassa.
(cont.)
With the death of Philip Samuel Magaia in November 1966, Samora Machel was appointed Secretary of the new Department of Defense, thereby becoming a member of the Central Committee of FRELIMO.
Samora Machel: the militant
In 1967, Samora Machel created the Female Detachment (DF) to cover the Mozambican women in the liberation struggle.
(cont.)
Samora Machel: the militant
After the assassination of Eduardo Mondlane in 1969, in May 1970, in the meeting of the Central Committee of FRELIMO, Samora Machel was elected President and Marcelino dos Santos VicePresident of FRELIMO.
Until 1974, Samora was able to organize the guerrillas in order to neutralize the Portuguese military offensive.
(cont.)
Samora Machel: the husband
Although not considered an official marriage, Samora Machel married the first time around 1956 / 7, when he worked as a nurse in Inhaca with Sorites Tchaicomo, who had four children: Joscelin, Edelson, Olivia and Ntewane.
In 1969, Samora officially married Josina Muthemba, a guerrilla (with secondary education) Detachment of Women, who had a son, Samora Machel junior; Josina died four years later (day April 7, 1973), victim of leukemia.
Remarried in 1977, his made Grace Simbine (now wife of Nelson Mandela since 1998).
Samora Machel: the husband
Samora with his first wife and sons Joscelin, Edelson, and Ntewane
Marriage of Samora Machel and Josina Muthemba
Samora Machel: the husband
Nelson Mandela former president of South Africa and his wife Graca Machel
Samora Machel with wife Graca Machel
Samora Machel: President
After the military coup in April 25 1974 in Portugal, was finally signed on September 7, 1974, the Lusaka Agreement, culminating in the proclamation of independence on June 25 1975. In the same year, approved the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, Samora Machel is indicated for the President.
Samora Machel: President
As president, Samora Machel was affectionately known as the "Father of the Nation" and "Papa Samora" for children - the "flowers that never fade" - as he called them.
Samora Machel was in favor of increased productivity and against corruption.
Samora Machel: President
As president, Samora also supported the creation of "re-education camps" in northern and central parts of the country (where they were deported local outlaws, thieves, bandits, etc.). Samora Machel was also highlighted as a combatant of internationalism. Samora Machel acted for the development of African unity, was a strong pillar and an unwavering supporter of the Non-Aligned Movement and played a key role in the process of the liberation struggle in Zimbabwe and Namibia and the eradication of apartheid in South Africa. Samora Machel was also co-founder of the SADCC.
Samora Machel: the accident
Samora Machel died on 19 October 1986, when the presidential plane (a Tupolev 134) crashed in Mbuzini (the area of the accident is known as Ngwenyeni), South African territory, a mountainous area five kilometers of the then village of Namaacha (Maputo, Mozambique).
References
http://www.sahistory.org.za/plane-crash-lead-samora-machels-death?topic=1
http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/photocredit/achievers/sac0-016 http://www.southafrica.info/about/history/samora-machel-25.htm http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/samora-machel
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