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Chapter one
 Introduction

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 Key terms
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WWW  website
 Webpage  Web Hosting and Domain

 Html Name Registration

 Browser

 URL

 http

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 World Wide Web
(WWW)
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WWW is a vast collection of  Users navigate the

information that is spread
WWW through the
across hundreds of thousands
of computers around the world use of hypertext links.
via internet.  Most of the documents
The backbone of the World on the WWW are
Wide Web is the Hypertext
written in HTML.
Markup Language, often
simply referred to as HTML.
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• World Wide Web is combination of four ideas: Hypertext,

Resource identifier, Client-server architecture and Markup
language.
• Hypertext: is the ability to move from one part of a document
to another or from one document to another through internal
connections among these documents (called "hyperlinks").
• Resource identifier: is the ability on a computer network to locate
a particular resource on the network through a unique identifier
called IP address.
• There is unique Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is associated
with each web page.
• HTTP is a protocol used to compiled
transfer data
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• The client-server model: In this, which client software or a

client computer makes requests of server software or a
server computer that provides the client with resources or
services, such as data or files.
• Markup language: is a computer language for clarifying
the contents of a document. i.e how to print or display
the text.
• W3C (world wide consortium) is the non-profit
organizations which makes the web standard. The W3C's
goal is to create technical standards and guidelines for
web technologies worldwide.
• The most known web standards are: HTML, CSS, XML,
and XHTML. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.) 04/12/2024
 Client server architecture
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• Client(“front-end”): Gathers information from the user, submits it

to a server, then receives, formats, and presents the results returned
from the server.
• Server(“back-end”): Fulfills a request for information by managing
the request or serving the requested information to the client.
• “Front-end” refers to any aspect of the design process that appears
in or relates directly to the browser.
• “Back-end” refers to the programs and scripts that work on the
server behind the scenes compiled
to make web pages dynamic and
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interactive.
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The web works based on the following steps:

1. You request a page by typing URL (http://www.wsu.edu.et)

2. Your browser send an HTTP request on the server named
in the URL and asks for a specific file.
3. The server looks for the request file and sends an either of
the following HTTP response.
a. If the page cannot be found. The server return an error
message which says “404” not found.
b. If the document is found. The server retrieves the
requested file and returns itbytoTekle
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4.The browser parses the HTML document. If the

page contains images(indicated by the HTML img
tag), the browser contacts the server again to
request each image files specified in the markup.
5.The browser inserts each image in the document flow

where indicated by the img. Then, the assembled web

page is displayed for your viewing pleasure.
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 Web page
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• Web page is a document available on world

wide web, which can contain text, graphics,
animation, audio, and video.
• Website is the collection of related web
pages. (www.google.com)
• A Web Server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer.
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 Types of web-pages
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• Static Vs. Dynamic web pages

• In the Static web pages, user can only read the
information but can’t do any modification.
• Static web pages are only used when the information is no
more required to be modified.
• Each web page is a separate document and there are no
databases or external files that are drawn upon.
• They contain HTML code, each time an HTML page is
loaded, it looks the same.
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 Cont..
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• A Dynamic web page is a web page that displays

different content each time it's viewed.
• Dynamic web pages are developed by scripting
languages like PHP, JSP, node js and ASP to allow
the users changing the contents of the web pages.
• Potentially able to make updates without needing
any change of HTML document.
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 Web page design tools
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 Notepad  Wamp: is an acronym for

 Notepad++ Windows Operating System,
 Dream waver Apache(Web server), MySQL
Database, PHP Language.
 Visual studio code
 Xampp: is an acronym for X( any
 Wamp
Operating System), Apache(Web
 Xampp server), MySQL Database, PHP
 … Language and PERL.
 Etc.  mango DB
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 Client Side Scripting
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 Html  Html-
 is a markup language for describing Webpages
 CSS  CSS- Cascade Style Sheet
 Javascript  describes how HTML elements are to be
displayed on screen, paper, or in other media.
 React js  Javascript-
 is a popular programming language that's built
into all the major web browsers and used to
make web pages interactive

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 Server Side Scripting
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 Hypertext Preprocessor(PHP). PHP is a popular

general-purpose scripting language that is
especially suited to web development.
 <?php
....
?>
 Node js. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.) 04/12/2024
 HTTP and HTTPs
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It is a communications protocol
Typically, an HTTP client
initiates a request
Used for retrieving inter-linked text It establishes a Transmission
documents (hypertext) led to the Control Protocol (TCP)
connection to a particular port
establishment of the
on a host (port 80 by default).
World Wide Web. An HTTP server listening on
HTTP is a request/response standard that port waits for the client
to send a request message.
between a client and a server.
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HTTP uses TCP and not UDP because much data

must be sent for a webpage, and TCP provides
transmission control, presents the data in order, and
provides error correction.
Resources to be accessed by HTTP are identified
using (URIs) (or, more specifically, (URLs)) using
the http: or https URI schemes.
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 Browser and Web server
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• Browser is used to retrieve and display information from a Web

server by using HTTP protocol.
• Example: Microsoft internet explorer, Mozila firefox, Opera,
Safari, Google chrome ,Microsoft Edge and etc.
• Web server is used to store, process and deliver web pages to
the users.
• Example: Apache(most widely used Web server software),
IIS(internet information server), Netscape Web server and etc.

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 Universal resource locator (URL)
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• A URL is the exact address or location of the electronic

files/web page to be retrieved on the internet. It is also
called web address.
• It consists of a protocol, domain name, and sometimes the
path to a specific Web page or location on a Web page.
• Example: http://www.Yahoo.com/mypage/about.html
 www.yahoo.com:- represents the domain name
 /mypage :- represents the path of the web page
 about.html :- represent the web page name/file name.
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 Domain name systems(DNS)
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• Domain name is a human readable name given to a server for ease

of reference by human, i.e. It is an IP address in the textual form
rather than numbers.
• The Domain Name System is a system by which it converts human-
readable name(domain name) such as “www.wsu.edu.et” to their
corresponding IP addresses; 191.57.126.24.
• Their conversions are done by software systems called domain
name servers.
• Domain name server is simply a computer that contains a database
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of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses.
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• Domain name is constructed hierarchically. (i.e www.wsu.edu.et)

• Label can be up to 63 characters long and are case insensitive
• Labels must start with a letter and can only consists of letters,
digits and hyphens.
• The final most significant label of a fully qualified name can be:-
• Three letter code :- indicate the type of organization
hosting the computer

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• Two letter codes:-indicate the country of origin

 .et for Ethiopia
 .kr for Korea
 After the completion of the web project the selected
web hosting company provides the domain name
based on the requested hosting plan.
 Examples: bluehost, siteground, HostGator ,Ethio-
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 Things to be considered when developing website

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Q &A
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