Quarter 1-Module 6

FORMS AND FUNCTIONS OF

SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
 The module is divided into
three lessons, namely:

Les • Concepts of Social Group & Social Organization

son
1

Les • Characteristics of Social Group

son
2

Les • Types of Social Group / Organization

son
3
 After going through this module,
you are expected to:
• Define the different concepts of social group and social
organization.

• Explain the characteristics of social group

• Enumerate and describe the different forms of social

groups.
ON NMA SI NA DLNISA
NO MAN IS AN ISLAND
One of the most common fears or Even during prehistoric times, man
phobia for most people is the fear had learned to live with other
of being alone. Even loners need human beings in groups. Man
company. It is hard to imagine life discovered that group life is
without any kind of group necessary not only for his survival
involvement. but also for the preservation of the
human species.
 Lesson 1: Concept of Social
Group and Social Organizations
 Homans (1950) defines a
group as collection of two Donald Light (1984)
or more persons who are in defines a group as set of
social interactions, who are individuals who identify
guided by similar norms, and interact with one
values and expectations, another in a structed
and who maintain a stable way based on shared
pattern of relations over a values and goals.
period of time.
 Social Group
is a unit of interacting personalities
with interdependence of roles and
statues existing between and among
themselves. It is a collection of
people who interact with each other
in accordance with the position they
occupy in the society.
EXAMPLES
- Families - Friends
- Neighbors -
Classmates - Sororities
- Fraternities - Church
Members
 Social Organization
refers to a type of collectivity
established for the pursuit of the
specific aims or goals, characterized
by a formal structure of rules,
authority relations, a division of labor
and limited membership or admission
(Jarry, D. 1995)
EXAMPLES
- Government Agencies
- NGO’s
- Corporations
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS
A social group exists when at least two people
are in contact and commonly stimulating and
reacting with each other through language
both verbal and non-verbal. This shared
between inter-stimulation and reaction
between at least two people and groups

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Social status is a collection of rights and duties that goes with a
position in a group. A status may be ascribed or achieved.

Ascribed status is the status by virtue of one’s birth. He does not have
a choice or decision on the matter such as his sex, age, gender,
kinship, religion or nationality at birth.
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 Achieved status, is where an individual may acquire by virtue of his own
efforts, use of intelligence and skills, choice or through some stroke of good
fortune. This can be through marriage, occupation, profession, education,
financial acumen, industry or lotto winning.
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 The pattern of a behavior that
accompanies a status is a
SOCIAL ROLE. Every person
inhabits a number of statuses and
plays the corresponding varied
roles at different stages of his life
and to the different social groups to
which he belongs and depending
upon which social relationship is
effect at any particular time.
 Example a child can play the role of son or
daughter in a father-son or father-daughter
relationship in the family at home, or play the
role of a student in a teacher-student
relationship in his or her school group, or
play the role of an employee in a employer-
employee relationship in his or her
workplace.

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Later on, when he or she is matured enough he
can play the role of husband or wife in a
husband-wife relationship

04/10/2024 SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 16

Lesson 2: Characteristics of
Social Group
Characteristics of Social Group

The basis of grouping can be

numerous, but the division of the
population based on their age, sex,
income and profession can provide
various types of social groups.
 5 Most Important Characteristics of Social Group

1. Common Goals
2. Sense of unity and solidarity
3. Similar Behavior
4. Awareness
5. Social groups may be permanent or temporary in
nature
 Common Goals
The aims, objectives and ideals of the
members are common. For the fulfilment of
these common goals social groups are
formed. Here individual interests are
sacrificed for group interests.
 Sense of unity and solidarity
Members of a social group are always tied by a
sense of unity and bond of solidarity, common goals
and mutual relations strengthens this bond of unity
and solidarity. This creates loyalty and sympathy
among the members of social group.
 Similar Behavior
Members of a social group show similar behavior.
As the interests, ideals and values of a group are
common hence its members behave in a similar
manner. This similar behavior helps in the
achievement of common goals.
 Awareness
Members of a social group are aware about the
membership which distinguishes them from others.
This is perhaps due to the consciousness of kind' as
opined by Giddings.
Social groups may be permanent or
temporary in nature. There are permanent
groups likes family and temporary groups
like crowd, mob etc.
Lesson 3: Types of Social Group
/ Organizations
TYPES OF SOCIAL
GROUPS
1. According to Social Ties
 a. Primary Group
 The most fundamental unit of human society

 A longand lasting group whose members have intimate,

personal continuous face-to-face relationships.

 Characterized by strong ties of love and affection.

 The do's and don'ts of behavior are learned here.

 EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY GROUP
 Family

 Friendship groups

 Play groups

 Love Relationship
 b. Secondary Group
 Groups with which the individual comes in contact later in life.

 Characterized by impersonal, business-like, contractual, formal and

casual relationship.

 Usually large in size, not very enduring and with limited relationships.

 People need other people for the satisfaction of their complex needs.
 EXAMPLES OF SECONDARY GROUP
 Industrial workers

 Business associates
 Faculty staff
 Company employees
 University Class
2. According to Self-identification
 a. In-group
 A social unit in which individuals
feel home and with which they
identify.
 EXAMPLES OF IN-GROUP
 Apples and bananas (they are both fruit)
 Chairs and tables (they are both furniture)
 Two classmates in kindergarten (they are both
five-year-old students)
 Soccer balls and basketball hoops (they are
both pieces of sports equipment)
Examples of In-groups in everyday life include:
 Religious community (shared beliefs)

 Sports team (shared commitment and goals)

Small business's employees (shared workplace

and goals)
 b. Out-group
 A social unit to which individuals do
not belong due to differences in certain
social categories and with which they
do not identify.
 EXAMPLES OF OUT-GROUP
 Cucumber and a slice of bread, alongside an apple and banana (the
cucumber and bread are not fruit).

 Window, alongside a chair and table (the window is not furniture).

 First grade teacher, alongside two kindergarten students (the teacher is not a
student, nor part of the kindergarten group).

 Picnic table, alongside soccer balls and basket ball hoops (the picnic table is
not sports equipment).
 Examples of Out-groups in everyday life include:
 Non-religious neighbors next-door to a religious community center (the
neighbors are not members of the religious community).

 Marching band performing at a sports team's game (the band is not part of
the sports team)

 Consumers contracting a small business's employees to do a project (the

consumers are not part of the employees' group)

 Child's best friends, having dinner with the child's family (the friends are not
a part of the family)
 c. Reference group or psychological group
 Groups to which we consciously or unconsciously
refer when we try to evaluate our own life
situations and behavior, but to which we do not
necessarily belong.

 It serves a comparison function.

 It has a normative function.

EXAMPLES OF REFERENCE GROUP OR PSYCHOLOGICAL GROUP

 Suppose that Susie is a 13-year-old female who transfers

to a new school. Susie may pay attention to what her
schoolmates wear, how they speak, where they hang out,
and how they behave. Susie then takes this information
and uses it in order to modify her speech, determine what
she wears to school, how she does her hair, which shows
to watch on television, etc.
3. According to Purpose
 a. Task Group
 Group assigned to accomplish
jobs which cannot be done by
one person.
 EXAMPLES OF TASK GROUP
 Board of Directors
 Task Forces
 Committees
 Staff meeting
 Social Action
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!!!