VoIP Signaling and Call Control

Cisco Networking Academy Program

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Need for Signaling and Call Control

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 Model for VoIP Signaling and
Call Control

• VoIP signaling components

Endpoints

• Common control
• Common control components
Call administration
Accounting

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 Call Control Models

• H.323
• SIP
• MGCP
• H.248/Megaco protocol
• SAP
• RTSP
• Cisco CallManager

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 Translation Between Signaling and Call
Control

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 RTP Sessions

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 Call Feature Negotiation

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 Call Administration and Accounting

• Administration
Monitors call activity
Monitors resource utilization
Supports user service requests

• Accounting
Maintains call detail records

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 Call Status

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 Address Registration

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 Address Resolution

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 Admission Control

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 Centralized Call Control

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 Distributed Call Control

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 Centralized Call Control vs. Distributed Call
Control

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 Configuring H.323

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 H.323 and Associated Recommendations

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 H.323 Adapted to IP

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 H.323 Terminals

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 H.323 Gateways

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 IP-to-IP Gateways

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 H.323 Gatekeepers

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 Multipoint Conference Components

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 Component Relationships for Call
Establishment and Management

• Endpoint (gateway) to endpoint (gateway)

• Endpoint (gateway) to gatekeeper
• Gatekeeper to gatekeeper

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 RAS Messages

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 H.323 Basic Call Setup

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 H.323 “Fast Connect” Call Setup

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 Finding and Registering with a Gatekeeper

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 Call Flow with a Gatekeeper

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 Gatekeeper-Routed Call Signaling

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 Multipoint Conferences

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 Scalability with Multiple Gatekeepers

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 Call Flow with Multiple Gatekeepers

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 Survivability Strategies

H.323 replication strategies include the

following:
• HSRP
• Gateway preconfigured for two gatekeepers or for
multicast discovery
• Multiple gatekeepers configured for the same
prefix
• Multiple gateways configured for the same prefix

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 H.323 Proxy Server

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 Cisco Implementation of H.323

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 Configuration Example

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 Configuring the Gateways

Gateway 1

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 Configuring the Gateways (Cont.)

Gateway 2

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 Configuring the Gatekeepers

Gatekeeper 1

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 Configuring the Gatekeepers (Cont.)

Gatekeeper 2

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 Example: show Command

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 Configuring MGCP

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 MGCP and Associated Standards

• MGCP is defined in RFC 2705, October 1999

• MGCP architecture and requirements are defined in
RFC 2805, April 2000
• Centralized device control with simple endpoints
for basic and enhanced telephony services
Allows remote control of various devices
Stimulus protocol
Endpoints and gateways cannot function alone
• Uses IETF SDP
• Addressing by E.164 telephone number

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 MGCP Components

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 Endpoints

Eight types of endpoints are defined in RFC 2705:

• Digital channel
• Analog line
• Announcement server access point
• IVR access point
• Conference bridge access point
• Packet relay
• Wiretap access point
• ATM trunk side interface

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 Endpoint Identifiers

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 Gateways and Their Roles

• Trunk gateway SS7 ISUP

• Trunk gateway MF
• NAS
• Combined NAS/VoIP gateway
• Access gateway
• Residential gateway
• Announcement servers

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 Call Agents

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 Basic MGCP Concepts

• Calls and connections

• Events and signals
• Packages and digit maps

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 Calls and Connections

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 Multipoint Calls

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 Events and Signals

Events:
• Continuity detection (as a result of a continuity test)
• Continuity tone
• DTMF digits
• Fax tones
• Hookflash
• Modem tones
• Off-hook transition
• On-hook transition
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 Events and Signals (Cont.)

Signals:
• Answer tone • DTMF tones
• Busy tone • Intercept tone
• Call waiting tone • Network congestion
tone
• Confirm tone
• Off-hook warning tone
• Continuity test
• Preemption tone
• Continuity tone
• Ringback tone
• Dial tone
• Ringing
• Distinctive ringing (0…7)

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 Packages

• Basic packages (generic media, DTMF, MF, trunk,

line, handset, RTP, NAS, announcement server,
script)
• CAS packages (RFC 3064)
• Business telephone packages (RFC 3149)

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 Gateways and Their Packages

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 Digit Maps

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 Control Commands

• EndpointConfiguration (EPCF)
• NotificationRequest (RQNT)
• Notify (NTFY)
• CreateConnection (CRCX)
• ModifyConnection (MDCX)
• DeleteConnection (DLCX)
• AuditEndPoint (AUEP)
• AuditConnection (AUCX)
• RestartInProgress (RSIP)
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 Call Flows

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 Survivability Strategies

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 Cisco Implementation of MGCP

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 Understanding Basics of
Cisco CallManager

Basic CallManager Configuration

for MGCP Gateway Support:
1. Create an MGCP Gateway
2. Configure the FX Ports
3. Test the Phones for Local Connectivity
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 Cisco CallManager Implementation and Call
Flows—Registration

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 Cisco Call Manager Implementation and
Call Flows—FXS Call Flow

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 Configuring an MGCP Residential Gateway

ccm-manager mgcp
!
mgcp
mgcp call-agent 172.20.5.20
!
voice-port 1/0/0
!
voice-port 1/0/1
!
dial-peer voice 1 pots
application MGCPAPP
port 1/0/0
!
dial-peer voice 2 pots
application MGCPAPP
port 1/0/1
!

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 Configuring an MGCP Trunk Gateway

!
ccm-manager-mgcp
mgcp 4000
mgcp call-agent 209.165.202.129 4000
!
controller T1 1/0
framing esf
clock source internal
ds0-group 1 timeslots 1-24 type none service mgcp
!
controller T1 1/1
framing esf
clock source internal
ds0-group 1 timeslots 1-24 type none service mgcp
!
voice-port 1/0:1
!
voice-port 1/1:1
!

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 Example: show Command

Router# show mgcp statistics

UDP pkts rx 8, tx 9
Unrecognized rx pkts 0, MGCP message parsing errors 0
Duplicate MGCP ack tx 0, Invalid versions count 0
CreateConn rx 4, successful 0, failed 0
DeleteConn rx 2, successful 2, failed 0
ModifyConn rx 4, successful 4, failed 0
DeleteConn tx 0, successful 0, failed 0
NotifyRequest rx 0, successful 4, failed 0
AuditConnection rx 0, successful 0, failed 0
AuditEndpoint rx 0, successful 0, failed 0
RestartInProgress tx 1, successful 1, failed 0
Notify tx 0, successful 0, failed 0
ACK tx 8, NACK tx 0
ACK rx 0, NACK rx 0
IP address based Call Agents statistics:
IP address 10.24.167.3, Total msg rx 8, successful 8,
failed 0

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