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Lesson 8.2 - Deflection (Area Moment)

This document discusses moment-area theorems which relate the slope and deflection of beams to the area under the bending moment diagram. It provides an overview of the two moment-area theorems and explains how to use them to analyze beams by first drawing the bending moment diagram, then the elastic curve, and finally applying the theorems to solve for unknown slopes and deflections. Examples are also included to demonstrate the application of the theorems.

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Gabriel Javelona
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
21 views

Lesson 8.2 - Deflection (Area Moment)

This document discusses moment-area theorems which relate the slope and deflection of beams to the area under the bending moment diagram. It provides an overview of the two moment-area theorems and explains how to use them to analyze beams by first drawing the bending moment diagram, then the elastic curve, and finally applying the theorems to solve for unknown slopes and deflections. Examples are also included to demonstrate the application of the theorems.

Uploaded by

Gabriel Javelona
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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moment area theorem

Moment-Area theorems

✘ d on either side of the element dx = the lighter shade area


under the M/EI diagram
✘ Integrating from point A on the elastic curve to point B, we
have

B M
B/ A   dx
A EI

✘ This eqn forms the basis for the first moment-area theorem

Chapter 8: Deflections
Structural Analysis 7th Edition
© 2009 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Moment-Area theorems

✘ Theorem 1
○ The change in slope between any 2 points on the elastic
curve equals the area of the M/EI diagram between the
2 points
✘ The second moment-area theorem is based on the relative
derivation of tangents to the elastic curve
✘ Shown in Fig 8.12(c) is a greatly exaggerated view of the
vertical deviation dt of the tangents on each side of the
differential element, dx

Chapter 8: Deflections
Structural Analysis 7th Edition
© 2009 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Moment-Area theorems

✘ Since slope of elastic curve & its deflection are assumed to


be very small, it is satisfactory to approximate the length of
each tangent line by x & the arc ds’ by dt
✘ Using s = r  dt = xd
✘ Using eqn 8.2, d = (M/EI) dx
✘ The vertical deviation of the tangent at A wrt the tangent at
B can be found by integration

Chapter 8: Deflections
Structural Analysis 7th Edition
© 2009 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Moment-Area theorems

✘ Centroid of an area

x  dA   xdA

BM
t A/ B  x dx
A EI

x  distance from the vertical axis through


A to the centroid of the area between A & B.

Chapter 8: Deflections
Structural Analysis 7th Edition
© 2009 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Moment-Area theorems

✘ Theorem 2
○ The vertical deviation of the tangent at a point (A) on
the elastic curve wrt the tangent extended from another
point (B) equals the “moment” of the area under the
M/EI diagram between the 2 points (A & B)
○ This moment is computed about point A where the
derivation is to be determined

Chapter 8: Deflections
Structural Analysis 7th Edition
© 2009 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Moment-Area theorems

✘ Provided the moment of a +ve M/EI area from A to B is


computed, it indicates that the tangent at point A is above the
tangent to the curve extended from point B
✘ -ve areas indicate that the tangent at A is below the tangent
extended from B

Chapter 8: Deflections
Structural Analysis 7th Edition
© 2009 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Moment-Area theorems

✘ It is important to realise that the moment-area theorems can


only be used to determine the angles & deviations between 2
tangents on the beam’s elastic curve
✘ In general, they do not give a direct solution for the slope or
disp. at a point

Chapter 8: Deflections
Structural Analysis 7th Edition
© 2009 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
SIGN CONVENTION

✘ Sign Conventions The following rules of sign, illustrated in Fig. 6.7,


✘ apply to the two moment-area theorems: . The tangential deviation tB=A
is positive if B lies above the tangent line drawn to the elastic curve at A,
and negative if B lies below the tangent line. . Positive yB=A has a
counterclockwise direction, whereas negative yB=A has a clockwise
direction.
some figures
some figures
some figures
prcedure for analysis

✘ STEP 1- SOLVE FOR THE REACTIONS AT THE SUPPORT


prcedure for analysis
✘ STEP 2- DRAW THE MOMENT DIAGRAM (MIGHT AS WELL
DRAW THE SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAM)
○ If the beam is loaded with concentrated forces, the M/EI diagram will
consist of a series of straight line segments, and the areas and their
moments required for the moment-area theorems will be relatively
easy to compute.
prcedure for analysis
✘ STEP 2- DRAW THE MOMENT DIAGRAM (MIGHT AS WELL
DRAW THE SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAM)
○ If the loading consists of a series of concentrated forces and
distributed loads, it may be simpler to compute the required M/EI
areas and their moments by drawing the M/EI diagram in parts, using
the method of superposition as discussed in Sec. 4–5. In any case, the
M/EI diagram will consist of parabolic or perhaps higher-order
curves, and it is suggested that the table on the inside back cover be
used to locate the area and centroid under each curve.
prcedure for analysis
✘ STEP 2- DRAW THE MOMENT DIAGRAM (MIGHT AS WELL
DRAW THE SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAM)
○ SO REMEMBER YOUR SPANDREL FORMULA FOR
CENTROID AND AREA, PARABOLIC AREA AND CENTROIN.
○ SPANDREL FORMULA:
○ AREA =(1/(n+1))bh
○ centroid = (1/(n+2))b
○ PARABOLIC CURVE
■ AREA = 2/3bh
■ centroid x = 3/5b
■ centroid h = 2/5h
prcedure for analysis
✘ STEP 3
○ Draw an exaggerated view of the beam’s elastic curve. Recall that
points of zero slope occur at fixed supports and zero displacement
occurs at all fixed, pin, and roller supports.
■ when the beam is subjected to a positive moment the beam bends
concave up,
■ whereas negative moment bends the beam concave down.
■ Furthermore, an inflection point or change in curvature
occurswhere the moment in the beam (or M/EI) is zero.
prcedure for analysis
○ STEP 4 SOLVE UNKNOWNS BY APPLYING MOMENT-AREA
THEOREM
■ Apply Theorem 1 to determine the angle between two tangents,
and Theorem 2 to determine vertical deviations between these
tangents.
■ Realize that Theorem 2 in general will not yield the displacement
of a point on the elastic curve. When applied properly, it will
only give the vertical distance or deviation of a tangent at point A
on the elastic curve from the tangent at B.
prcedure for analysis
○ STEP 4 SOLVE UNKNOWNS BY APPLYING MOMENT-AREA
THEOREM
After applying either Theorem 1 or Theorem 2, the algebraic sign of
the answer can be verified from the angle or deviation as indicated
on the elastic curve.
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
MOMENT BY PARTS
EXAMPLE 3
EXAMPLE NO. 4
• Determine the displacement of point B of the beam
shown.
Consider E = 200GPa, I = 500(106 )mm4

Figure:
ACTIVITY
• Determine the SLOPE AT POINT C OF THE GIVEN
BEAM.
E = 29(10³)ksi, I=600in4
THANK
YOU!!!!

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