Configuring

Windows
Server 2019
Module 2

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 Learning Objectives (1 of 2)

After completing this module you should be able to:

• Use Server Manager to monitor and manage Windows Server
systems
• Install and use the Windows Admin Center to monitor and
manage Windows Server systems
• Configure server hardware devices
• Use the System File Checker and Sigverif to verify system files

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 Learning Objectives (2 of 2)

After completing this module you should be able to:

• Configure key Windows Server components within Control Panel
and Device Manager
• Explain the purpose and configuration of the Windows Registry
• Identify the components, features, and usage of Windows
PowerShell
• Use Windows PowerShell to manage a server
• Create PowerShell scripts for systems administration

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 Working with Server Manager (1 of 10)

• Used to monitor and manage several different Windows Server systems

• Server Manager Dashboard panes
− Dashboard section at the top
− Welcome to Server Manager pane (often hidden by administrators)
− Roles and Server Groups pane
• Dashboard uses various colors and icons
• Additional Server Manager panes
− Events, Services, Best Practices Analyzer, Performance, Roles and Features
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Working with Server Manager (2 of 10)

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Working with Server Manager (3 of 10)

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Working with Server Manager (4 of 10)

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Working with Server Manager (5 of 10)

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Working with Server Manager (6 of 10)

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 Working with Server Manager (7 of 10)

• Server roles introduced starting with Windows Server 2012

− Have configuration tools built into the Server Manager interface
− Example: Storage Spaces
• Some server roles have their own MMC tool for configuration
• Starting an MMC tool
− Navigate to a server group or role section within the navigation area
− Right-click a server in the Servers pane and choose the appropriate tool
− Example: DHCP server role
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Working with Server Manager (8 of 10)

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Working with Server Manager (9 of 10)

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Working with Server Manager (10 of 10)

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 Adding Roles and Features Using Server
Manager (1 of 7)
• Three different ways to add roles and features within Server Manager
− Selecting Add roles and features from the Welcome to Server Manager pane
within the Dashboard section
− Selecting Add Roles and Features from the Manage menu
− Selecting Add Roles and Features from the Tasks menu within the Roles and
Features pane for a server or server role
• Starting the installation of a role is the same for all three methods
− Use the Add Roles and Features Wizard

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Adding Roles and Features Using Server
Manager (2 of 7)

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Adding Roles and Features Using Server
Manager (3 of 7)

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Adding Roles and Features Using Server
Manager (4 of 7)

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Adding Roles and Features Using Server
Manager (5 of 7)

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Adding Roles and Features Using Server
Manager (6 of 7)

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Adding Roles and Features Using Server
Manager (7 of 7)

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 Using the BPA to Verify Server Roles

• BPA scan
− Determines if role configuration meets Microsoft minimum guidelines
− Scan results indicate security level and category for recommendations
• Levels of severity
What is the full form of BPA scan?
− Information, warning, error
Best Practices Analyzer scan
• Categories for BPA recommendations
− Configuration, predeployment, postdeployment, performance, BPA
prerequisites

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 Working with the Windows Admin Center

• Server Manager disadvantage

− Needs to connect to Windows Server system to run it
− Need to install the RSAT on a Windows 10 PC
• Windows Admin Center
− Relatively new tool
− Remotely manage Windows Server 2019 using a modern Web browser
− Preferred if hosting large numbers of remote Windows Server systems
− Boasts a wide range of monitoring and management functionality

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 Installing the Windows Admin Center (1 of 2)

• Download the desired version (preview or regular)

• Start the installer; navigate through several screens, clicking Next each time
− Accept license
− Automatically update the Windows Admin Center
− Prompt for function capabilities in different scenarios
− Prompt to modify local computer’s trusted host settings
− Prompt on how to generate encryption certificate
• URL to access Admin Center displayed on final screen
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Installing the Windows Admin Center (2 of 2)

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 Using the Windows Admin Center (1 of 3)

• First use requires log-in with valid credentials

− Prompted to complete a quick tour
• Placed at the connections screen within the Windows Admin Center
− Can manage server hosting the Windows Admin Center
− Can add Windows Server 2012 and later systems and edit tags
• Many similarities to Server Manager
• Many tools within the navigation pane
− Configuration, remote access, Azure cloud integration
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Using the Windows Admin Center (2 of 3)

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Using the Windows Admin Center (3 of 3)

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 Configuring Server Hardware Devices

• Many types of hardware devices

• Plug and Play (PnP)
− Operating system works with hardware devices to automatically detect and
configure recently installed hardware to work with the operating system
• Simple PnP device installation process
− Attach device
− Wait for Windows Server 2019 to detect it
− Install appropriate device drivers

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Adding Hardware Using Control Panel (1 of 2)

• Devices and Printers utility

− Force the operating system to detect and install new PnP hardware
− Install non-PnP hardware
− Troubleshoot problems you might be having with existing hardware
• Start Devices and Printers utility from the Control Panel
− Two views: Category view (default) or Classic view
• Sample tasks
− Add device, display device, troubleshoot device
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Adding Hardware Using Control Panel (2 of 2)

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 Using Device Manager (1 of 3)

• Device Manager shows all devices on the system

• Open Device Manager from Control Panel to update a device driver
− Generic or Unknown devices require updated drivers for full functionality
− PnP hardware resource must be considered to prevent conflicts
 Interrupt Request (IRQ) line, Input/Output (I/O) address, reserved
memory range
• Can check for a resource conflict and examine other device properties
− Device Properties box has four tabs to review

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 Using Device Manager (2 of 3)

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 Using Device Manager (3 of 3)

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 Verifying System Files

• System file signatures can become invalid

− Overwritten, corrupted, modified by malware
• System File Checker
− Scans system files for integrity
− Replaces damaged or overwritten files with the proper version
• File Signature Verification tool (Sigverif)
− A scan-only tool that determines if files have a signature
− Output written to a log file called sigverif.txt
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 Configuring Windows Settings

• Configurable elements of the operating system

− Performance options
− Environment variables
− Startup and recovery options
− Power options

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 Configuring Performance Options (1 of 4)

• Configuring processor scheduling and Data Execution Prevention

− Processor scheduling
 Configures processor resources allocated to a program
− Data Execution Prevention (DEP)
 Monitors server programs for memory use issues
• In Control Panel, navigate to System and Security, and select System
− Select Advanced system settings, click Settings in the Performance section
− Highlight Advanced tab or Data Execution Prevention tab

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Configuring Performance Options (2 of 4)

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 Configuring Performance Options (3 of 4)

• Configuring virtual memory

• Virtual memory: disk storage used to expand capacity of physical memory
− Uses a paging technique
 Pages move from physical memory into virtual memory on disk
• Paging file: area of disk allocated for virtual memory
− Location of the paging file is important
− Parameters used to tune paging file size: initial size and maximum size
− Configure initial size by multiplying amount of installed RAM times 1.5
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 Configuring Performance Options (4 of 4)

• Configuring file caching

• File caching turned on by default
− Speeds up the time it takes to read from or write to a disk
• Flushing
− Freeing memory used for cached data after data written to disk
• Can turn off caching and flushing to easily hot swap a drive
− Server can seem slower to users
− May lose data during hot swap while the server is in use
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 Configuring Environment Variables (1 of 2)

• Environment variable
− Tells the operating system where to find certain programs and program-
related information
• System environment variables are defined by the operating system
− Apply to any user logged in to the computer
• User environment variables are defined on a per-user basis
− Used to provide a wide variety of different information

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Configuring Environment Variables (2 of 2)

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 Configuring Startup and Recovery

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 Configuring Power Options (1 of 2)

• Power options that can be set

− Select a power plan
− Choose what the power button does
− Create a power plan
− Choose when to turn off the display
• Three power plans
− Balanced, Power saver, and High performance

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 Configuring Power Options (2 of 2)

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 The Windows Registry

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 Windows Registry Contents

• Windows Registry is hierarchical in structure

− Made up of keys, subkeys, and entries
• Windows Server 2019 Registry’s five root keys
− HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
− HKEY_CURRENT_USER
− HKEY_USERS
− HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
− HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG

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 Working with Windows PowerShell (1 of 6)

• Supports MS-DOS shell output redirection (>>) and command chaining (;)
• Most commands run within PowerShell will consist of cmdlets
• Piping (|) sends information between cmdlets to build more complex commands
or filters output to display only the desired output
• Many cmdlets options Cmdlets are case-insensitive, so Get-Host and get-host are equivalent.

− –whatif, –confirm, -verbose, -debug, -erroraction

• PowerShell supports special navigation keys and key combinations
• PowerShell’s features provide additional functionality or increase efficiency
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 Working with Windows PowerShell (2 of 6)

• Customizing Windows PowerShell sessions

− Change Windows PowerShell session’s look or how it is executed
− Provide specific options to the PowerShell command
− Creating a PowerShell console file that has a .psc1 extension
• Aliases and functions
− Alias is a command shortcut that makes navigating and using Windows
PowerShell easier
− Functions can execute multiple cmdlets

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 Working with Windows PowerShell (3 of 6)

• PowerShell profile scripts

− Alias and function commands placed in a PowerShell profile script
− Automatically executed every time Windows PowerShell started for the user
− Must first enable script execution before making the script
− Edit PowerShell profile using the command notepad $profile within
PowerShell
• Modifying command output
− Pipe output, -recurse option, Sort-Object, Group-Object,
ConvertTo-HTML, Export-CSV
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 Working with Windows PowerShell (4 of 6)

• PowerShell objects
− Object has attributes (properties that describe the object)
− Methods (things that the object can do)
− Control nearly all aspects of the Windows operating system
 Processes, files, and network sockets

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 Working with Windows PowerShell (5 of 6)

• PowerShell provider plugins

− Provide functionality within Windows PowerShell
− Allow PowerShell to interact with other parts of the system
• Filesystem provider: default provider
• Many other providers
− Variable provider, environment provider, alias provider, function provider,
certificate provider, registry provider
• Many cmdlets supported

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Working with Windows PowerShell (6 of 6)

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 System Administration Commands

• PowerShell can be used for many tasks

− Post-installation tasks
− View, install, and remove Windows roles and features
− Configure and troubleshoot the network and configure firewall settings
− Manage services and processes
− Perform remote administration of computers within a domain environment
• Cmdlets allow an administrator to specify the computer name for a task
• Can execute a PowerShell script on several computers within a domain
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 Using WMI within Windows PowerShell

• WMI consumers: programs and system software that can query WMI
• WMI infrastructure: collective components built into the operating system that
respond to WMI queries
− WMI namespaces, WMI providers, WMI classes
• CIMv2 namespace (Common Information Model version 2)
− Queries hardware and software components on systems
− Modifies software components
• Real power of WMI: within WMI classes administrators query and manipulate

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 Creating PowerShell Scripts (1 of 8)

• PowerShell script
− Text file with a .ps1 extension executed within Windows PowerShell
− Commands execute from top-to-bottom
− Contents
 Windows commands, PowerShell cmdlets, complex control structures
− Can reuse Windows PowerShell code in different situations

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 Creating PowerShell Scripts (2 of 8)

• Executing PowerShell scripts

− Enable script support in Windows PowerShell and verify execution policy
− Execute a PowerShell script in PowerShell
 Full path: C:\scripts\myscript.ps1
 Relative path (within the C:\scripts directory): .\myscript.ps1 or
./myscript.ps1
− Execute a PowerShell script outside PowerShell
 Run PowerShell command in the Windows Run dialog box Command
Prompt window, supply script path as an argument
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 Creating PowerShell Scripts (3 of 8)

• Using Windows PowerShell ISE

− Windows Server 2019 start menu shows Windows PowerShell ISE
− Click the Script icon above the Windows PowerShell pane
 Opens a new PowerShell script in the upper pane called Untitled.ps1
 Modify, test, and save with a descriptive name
• Can create and test scripts on remote computers
− Need winRM started within Windows PowerShell ISE

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Creating PowerShell Scripts (4 of 8)

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 Creating PowerShell Scripts (5 of 8)

• Variables and constants store a value in memory for later use

− Variable and array variable values can be changed after being set
 PowerShell variables start with a $, not case sensitive
 Avoid special characters and reserved words within a variable name
 Use Set-Variable cmdlet
 Add -option constant to the Set-Variable cmdlet to create a
constant variable
 Prefix the variable with a type cast to change text string behavior
− Constant values cannot be changed
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 Creating PowerShell Scripts (6 of 8)

• Protecting PowerShell metacharacters

− Double-quotes ("), single-quotes ('), back-quote (`)
• Coloring and formatting output eases readability
− Many cmdlets allow for the modification of the output color
− Separator characters used when printing several variables
• Decision constructs allow modification of the flow of a PowerShell script
− Must have condition that returns true or false
− Compare data with operators, use the if and switch constructs
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Creating PowerShell Scripts (7 of 8)

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 Creating PowerShell Scripts (8 of 8)

• Loop constructs allow the performance of a task several times

− foreach, for, while, do...while, and do...until
• Creating your own PowerShell scripts
− Start small, use comments
− Ensure script allows the cmdlets to operate on different objects
• Finding PowerShell scripts on the Internet
− Use Web sites with reusable PowerShell scripts organized by function
− Search the Internet using a search engine such as Google
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 Summary

• Many tools help with the configuration process

− Server Manager adds roles
− BPA verifies role and server function configuration
− Windows Admin Center provides remote Web-based management
− Devices and Printers tool and Device Manager tool configure devices
− Many performance option settings can be configured
• Window Registry stores configurations used by Windows Server 2019
• PowerShell console files and profile scripts ease administration
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