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C++ Lesson 2

The document discusses C++ variables and user input. It explains how to declare and initialize different variable types in C++, including integers, floating point numbers, characters, strings, and Booleans. It also covers displaying variables, adding variables together, declaring multiple variables, constants, and getting user input using cin.

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MAHER MOHAMED
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
40 views

C++ Lesson 2

The document discusses C++ variables and user input. It explains how to declare and initialize different variable types in C++, including integers, floating point numbers, characters, strings, and Booleans. It also covers displaying variables, adding variables together, declaring multiple variables, constants, and getting user input using cin.

Uploaded by

MAHER MOHAMED
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Welcome

C++
By Eng.Adulahi M. Adan

http://www.mahergelle.com
Chapter One: -
C++ Variables &
User Input
C++ Variables
Contents

 Variables are containers for storing data values.


 In C++, there are different types of variables (defined with
different keywords), for example:
 int - stores integers (whole numbers), without decimals,
such as 123 or -123
 double - stores floating point numbers, with decimals, such
as 19.99 or -19.99
 char - stores single characters, such as 'a' or 'B'. Char
values are surrounded by single quotes
 string - stores text, such as "Hello World". String values
are surrounded by double quotes
 bool - stores values with two states: true or false
C++ Variables
Contents

 Declaring (Creating) Variables


 To create a variable, specify the type and assign it a value:
 Syntax
type variableName = value;
 Where type is one of C++ types (such as int),
and variableName is the name of the variable (such
as x or myName). The equal sign is used to assign values
to the variable.
 To create a variable that should store a number, look at the
following example:
 Create a variableintcalled
myNum = 15; of type int and assign it
myNum
the value 15: cout << myNum;
C++ Variables
Contents

 You can also declare a variable without assigning the


value, and assign the value later:
 Example
int myNum;
myNum = 15;
cout << myNum;
Note that if you assign a new value to an existing variable, it
will overwrite the previous value:
int myNum = 15; // myNum is 15
myNum = 10; // Now myNum is 10
cout << myNum; // Outputs 10
C++ Variables
Contents

 Other Data Types


 Example
int myNum = 5; // Integer (whole number without decimals)
double myFloatNum = 5.99; // Floating point number (with
decimals)
char myLetter = 'D'; // Character
string myText = "Hello"; // String (text)
bool myBoolean = true; // Boolean (true or false)
C++ Variables
Contents

 Display Variables
 The cout object is used together with the << operator to
display variables.
 To combine both text and a variable, separate them with
the << operator:
 Example
int myAge = 35;
cout << "I am " << myAge << " years old.";
C++ Variables
Contents

 Add Variables Together


 To add a variable to another variable, you can use the + -
operator:
 Example
int x = 5;
int y = 6;
int sum = x + y;
cout << sum;
C++ Variables
Contents

 Declare Many Variables


 To declare more than one variable of the same type, use
a comma-separated list:
 Example
int x = 5, y = 6, z = 50;
cout << x + y + z;
C++ Variables
Contents

 One Value to Multiple Variables


 You can also assign the same value to multiple variables
in one line:
 Example

int x, y, z;
x = y = z = 50;
cout << x + y + z;
C++ Identifiers
Contents

 All C++ variables must be identified with unique names.


 These unique names are called identifiers.
 Identifiers can be short names (like x and y) or more
descriptive names (age, sum, totalVolume).
 Note: It is recommended to use descriptive names in order
to create understandable and maintainable code:
 Example
int minutesPerHour = 60; // Good
int m = 60; // OK, but not so easy to understand
what m actually is
C++ Identifiers
Contents

 The general rules for naming variables are:


 Names can contain letters, digits and underscores
 Names must begin with a letter or an underscore (_)
 Names are case sensitive (myVar and myvar are different
variables)
 Names cannot contain whitespaces or special characters
like !, #, %, etc.
 Reserved words (like C++ keywords, such as int) cannot
be used as names
C++ Constants
Contents

 When you do not want others (or yourself) to change


existing variable values, use the const keyword (this will
declare the variable as "constant", which means un-
changeable and read-only):
 Example
const int myNum = 15; // myNum will always be 15
myNum = 10; // error
 You should always declare the variable as constant when
you have values that are unlikely to change:
 const int minutesPerHour = 60;
const float PI = 3.14;
C++ User Input
Contents

 You have already learned that cout is used to output (print)


values. Now we will use cin to get user input.
 cin is a predefined variable that reads data from the
keyboard with the extraction operator (>>).
 In the following example, the user can input a number,
which is stored in the variable x. Then we print the value
of x:
C++ User Input
Contents

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int x;
cout << "Type a number: "; // Type a number and press enter
cin >> x; // Get user input from the keyboard
cout << "Your number is: " << x;
return 0;
}
C++ User Input
Contents

 Creating a Simple Calculator


 In this example, the user must input two numbers. Then we
print the sum by calculating (adding) the two numbers:

#include <iostream> cout << "Type another


using namespace std; number: ";
cin >> y;
int main() { sum = x + y;
int x, y; cout << "Sum is: " << sum;
int sum; return 0;
cout << "Type a number: "; }
cin >> x;
Lesson End
Thank you
@Eng.Abdulahi Mohamed

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