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PPT12

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12 views

PPT12

Uploaded by

sharmaujjwal133
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C++ slides - 8

Exception Handling: Exception handling mechanism, Multiple


Catch Blocks, Catch All exceptions, Throw an exception,
Exception Specification.
Exception handling definition & motivation
• Exception is a run-time error, such as divide by zero, array
out of bounds, file not found etc.

• It helps to continue the normal flow of the application even


in the case of runtime errors

• It makes the code simpler, cleaner, and less likely to miss


errors
if-else vs. exception handling
Only using errno & if-statements can make the error handling
intertwine with normal code to result a spaghetti
Try-catch organizes the code
try{
fun1();
fun2();
fun3();
} catch(error){
// … do something if error happens in any of the functions
}
// if any of the fun() is a constructor then you have to use if-else in the
constructor to handle the error since it cannot return anything, which is
not neat practice.
Exception thrown and caught
• Exception is thrown at runtime.
• If an exception is not handled (caught), it prints exception
message and terminates the program.
• Programmer’s job is to handle possible exceptions using try,
throw and catch to avoid abnormal program termination
Syntax of exception handling
try {
//some code
throw exception;
}
catch(type arg) {
//some code
}
Exception handling mechanism
// Without exception handling

float division(int x, int y){


return (x/y);
}
int main(){
int i=50, j=0;
float k=0;
k=division(i,j);
cout<<k<<endl;
}
Output
• Floating point exception (core dumped)
// With try, throw & catch
float division(int x, int y) {
if( y == 0 ) throw “Custom msg - divide by zero!";
return (x/y);
}
int main () {
int i = 25,j = 0;
float k = 0;
try {
k = division(i, j);
cout << k << endl;
} catch (const char* e) { cout<< e << endl;}
}
Output
Custom msg - divide by zero!
// What will be the output?
float division(int x, int y) {
if( y == 0 ) throw 5;
return (x/y);
}
int main () {
float k = 0;
try {
k = division(25, k);
cout << k << endl;
}
catch (const char* e) { cout<< e << endl;}
catch(int i) {cout<<"caught i = "<<i<<endl;}
}
Output
caught i = 5
Multiple catch is possible
try {
//some code
throw exception;
}
catch(specific type exception) {//some code }
…
catch(generic type exception) { //some code }

Catch blocks must be ordered so that most specific


exceptions get caught before generic exceptions.
// Catch all exceptions – catch(…)

int main() {
try {
throw 10;
}
catch (char *e) { cout << "Caught " << e; }
catch (...) { cout << "Default Exception\n"; }
return 0;
}
Output
Default Exception
// What will be the output?

int main() {
try {
throw "10";
}
catch (const char *e) { cout << "Caught " << e; }
catch (...) { cout << "Default Exception\n"; }

}
Output
Caught 10
Exception Specification
• C++ provides a mechanism to ensure that a given function is
limited to throw only a specified list of exceptions.

void translate() throw(unknown_word,bad_grammar) {


/* ... */
}
• It will not throw any exception other than unknown _word or
bad_grammar
class unknown_word{};
class bad_grammar{};
void translate(int a) throw(unknown_word,bad_grammar) {
if (a==0) throw unknown_word();
else if(a==1) throw bad_grammar();
else throw 10;
}
int main(){
try{ translate(22);}
catch(unknown_word u){cout<<" unknown word";}
catch(bad_grammar g){cout<<" bad grammar";}
catch(...) {cout<<"Default catch";}
}
Output
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'int'

Aborted (core dumped)

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