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Chem2 Lesson4

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Chem2 Lesson4

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markdhanielcomendador91
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LESSON 4: Phase Change

and Phase Diagram


Presented by: Ms. Majella Callejo
Quantitative Aspects in Phase Change
 it includes specific heat, heat of fusion and heat of
vaporization.
 the kmt will be used quantitatively to determine the
amount of heat added or absorbed (endothermic process),
or removed or released (exothermic processes) in the
changes.
SPECIFIC HEAT
 the amount of heat
needed to raise the
temperature of one
gram of a substance by
one degree Celsius.
 specific heat = joules/g
degree celsius
HEAT OF FUSION
 Heat absorbed to melt one
gram of ice to one gram of
water.
HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
 The energy absorbed to
change 1g of liquid to gas at
its boiling point.
the ff may be used in calculations of
heat transfer of water
 specific heat of ice ( s water) - 2.04J/g deg C
 specific heat of water (l) - 4.16 J/g deg C
 specific heat of steam ( water vapor) - 2.00J/g deg C
 heat of fusion of water (0 deg celsius) - 333.6 J/g
 heat of vaporization of water (100 deg celsius) - 2258 J/g
EXAMPLE EXERCISE
 Calculate the heat needed to melt 100g of ice.
 SOLUTION:
 Q = mHf
 Q = (100 g ice)(333.6 J)/1g ice = 33 360.0 J
EXAMPLE EXERCISE
 What energy in Joules is required to convert 50g of water
into steam? How much energy in calories?
 SOLUTION:
 Q = mHv
 Q = (50 g)(2258 J/g) = 112, 900 J

 112 900 J X 1 cal/4.18 J = 27 009.57 cal


EXAMPLE EXERCISE
 What quantity of heat is required to raise the
temperature of 450g of water from 15 deg C to 85 deg C?
The specific heat capacity of water is 4.16 J/g deg C.
 SOLUTION:
 Q = (450 g)(4.16 J/g degree celsius)(85 deg C - 15 deg C)
 = 131 040 J or 131.040 kJ
ACTIVITY
1. Elise places 48.2 g of ice in her beverage. What quantity
of energy would be absorbed by the ice (and released by
the beverage) during the melting process?

2. If it takes 41 000 J of heat to melt 200g solid copper to


liquid copper, what is the heat of fusion of copper?
ACTIVITY
3. What is the mass of a sample of Water, which completely
melts after 3120 J of heat?

4. Liquid sulfur vaporizes at 445 deg C. If it takes 28 125 J


to convert 20g of 445 deg C liquid sulfur to 445 deg C gaseos
sulfur, what is the heat of vaporization of sulfur?
ACTIVITY
5. How many J of heat are needed to raise the temperature
of 10g of aluminum from 22 deg C to 55 deg C, if the
specific heat of aluminum is 0.90 J/g deg C?
Phase Diagrams
 It is a graphical representation of the physical states of a
substance under different conditions of temp and
pressure.
 It gives the possible combinations of pressure and temp at
which certain physical state or states a substance would
be observed.
Melting or Freezing Curve
 the curve on a phase diagram which represents the
transition between liquid and solid states.
 It shows the effect of pressure on the melting point of the
solid. Anywhere on this line, there is equilibrium between
the solid and the liquid.
Vaporization or Condensation Curve
 the curve on a phase diagram which represents the
transition between gaseous and liquid states.
 It shows the effect of pressure on the boiling point of the
liquid. Anywhere along this line, there will be equilibrium
between the liquid and the vapor.
Sublimation or Deposition Curve
 the curve on a phase diagram which represents the
transition between gaseous and solid states.
 It represents the effect of increased temperature on a
solid at a very low constant pressure, lower than the triple
point.
 Thetriple point is the combination of pressure
and temperature at which all three phases of
matter are at equilibrium. It is the point on a
phase diagram at which the three states of matter
coexist.
 The critical point terminates the liquid/gas phase
line. It is the set of temperature and pressure on
a phase diagram where the liquid and gaseous
phases of a substance merge together into a
single phase.
 Beyond the temperature of the critical point, the
merged single phase is known as a supercritical fluid.
 The temperature and pressure corresponding to this are
known as the critical temperature and critical
pressure.
FOR WATER
 triple point - 0.006 atm and 0.0098 deg C
 critical point - 217.7 atm and 374.4 deg C

FOR CARBON DIOXIDE


 triple point - (-56.6 deg c)(5.11 atm)
 critical point - (31 deg C)(73 atm)

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