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Universal NOR

The presentation demonstrates how a NOR gate can be used as an AND, OR, or inverter gate, and how logic circuits using AOI gates can be reimplemented using only NOR gates. This reduces the number of integrated circuits needed by using a single gate type. An example shows converting an AOI circuit to equivalent NOR logic and proving their equivalence.

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10 views

Universal NOR

The presentation demonstrates how a NOR gate can be used as an AND, OR, or inverter gate, and how logic circuits using AOI gates can be reimplemented using only NOR gates. This reduces the number of integrated circuits needed by using a single gate type. An example shows converting an AOI circuit to equivalent NOR logic and proving their equivalence.

Uploaded by

gbikorno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Universal Gate – NOR

CSE 1203-CSE1204
Digital Logic Design

M.M.A. Hashem, PhD


Professor
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering
Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET) 1
Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
7402:Quad 2-Input NOR Gates

2
7400 Series Pin Diagram

3
Universal Gate – NOR
This presentation will demonstrate…
• The basic function of the NOR gate.
• How an NOR gate can be using to replace an AND gate,
an OR gate or an INVERTER gate.
• How a logic circuit implemented with AOI logic gates
could be re-implemented using only NOR gates
• That using a single gate type, in this case NOR, will
reduce the number of integrated circuits (IC) required to
implement a logic circuit.
AOI Logic NOR Logic

4
More ICs = More $$ Less ICs = Less $$
NOR Gate

X
ZXYX Y
Y

X Y Z
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0

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NOR Gate as an Inverter Gate
X  X  X (Before Bubble)

X ZX

X Z
0 1
Equivalent to Inverter
1 0

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NOR Gate as an OR Gate
XY
X
Z XY XY
Y

NOR Gate “Inverter”

X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 1
Equivalent to OR Gate
1 0 1
1 1 1
7
NOR Gate as an AND Gate
X

X Y
ZXYXYXY
Y

“Inverters” NOR Gate

X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 0
Equivalent to AND Gate
1 0 0
1 1 1
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NOR Gate Equivalent of AOI Gates
AND OR INVERTER

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Process for NOR Implementation
1. If starting from a logic expression, implement the design
with AOI logic.
2. In the AOI implementation, identify and replace every
AND,OR, and INVERTER gate with its NOR equivalent.
3. Redraw the circuit.
4. Identify and eliminate any double inversions. (i.e. back-
to-back inverters)
5. Redraw the final circuit.

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NOR Implementation
Example:
Design a NOR Logic Circuit that is equivalent to the AOI circuit
shown below.

BC A C

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NOR Implementation
Solution – Step 2

Identify and replace every AND,OR, and INVERTER gate with its
NAND equivalent.

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NOR Implementation
Solution – Step 3

Redraw Circuit.

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NOR Implementation
Solution – Step 4

Identify and eliminate any double inversions.

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NOR Implementation
Solution – Step 5

Redraw Circuit.

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Proof of Equivalence

BCBCBC
C

B BCA C
C
Z BCA C
BCA C
A
ACACAC 16
AOI vs NOR

IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs


74LS04 1 6 1 74LS02 7 4 2
74LS08 2 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 2
74LS32 1 4 1
Total Number of ICs → 3

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