Boiler
Controls
11.18 Automatic Control of Boilers.
Purpose of boiler to heat up water and make steam for ships use.
Temperature and pressure:
•Auxiliary boiler: ~ 7 Bar
•Superheated boilers: 60 Bar, 515°C.
On these days boilers has Boiler Automatic Combustion Control System (BAC). It
controls the fuel, air and feedwater flow to the boiler so as to allow the boiler to meet
its steam load requirement at various loads. At the time the system maintains the
boiler steam pressure at the operator specified setpoint whilst continiusly ensuring that
the relative quantities of fuel to airflow are such that clean and efficient combustion
may occur.
The combustion control system is capable of allowing automatic operation of maximum
firing on oil (HFO or DFO), maximum firing on gas or any ratio of gas to oil, if gas used
as fuel.
All the same stands for Steam Generators, some equipment stands also for Exhaust
Gas Boilers, Economisers.
The BAC system equipped for the boiler includes the fallowing typical control system
loops:
•Boiler Master Control system – controls boiler steam pressure.
•Oil Flow Control System – controls oil flow to the boiler according to the setpoint by
actual airflow.
•Airflow Control system – controls airflow according to the setpoint.
•Drum Level Control system – controls feedwater to the drum to maintain the drum level
at its setpoint.
•HFO Heaters Tempereture Control system – controls steam to the HFO heater to
maintain the the HFO Heater outlet temperature at its setpoint.
•Gas Flow Control system - controls oil flow to the boiler according to the setpoint by
actual airflow.
•Oxygen Trim Control system – controls the excess air according to the required oxygen
excess for the given boiler load/fuel flow.
•Ships Master Control system – cotrols common steam pressure if two or more boilers in
system.
Boiler Master & Ships Master Control system.
Equipment for Boiler Master & Ships Master Control system:
•IR or/and UV flame eyes with amplifier/relay.
•PCU for controlling boiler operations.
•Remote control stations.
•Pressure sensors.
Oil Flow Control System, HFO Heaters Tempereture Control system.
Control equipment for FO system, HFO Heaters Tempereture Control system:
•Temperature sensors.
•Pressure sensors, differential pressure sensors.
•Flow meters.
•Starters for pumps.
•Solenoid valves (NO, NC).
•Pneumatic of electrical controled valves (3-way) for heaters to keep required
temperature of HFO.
Airflow Control system:
•Forced draft, combustion air fan.
•Vanes, flaps for flow adjustment.
•O2 sensors.
•Smoke density meters.
•Air/fuel rate links.
•Pressure sensors.
•Air flow sensors.
Drum Level Control system.
Control equipment for Drum Level Control system:
•Starters for Feed water and Circulation pumps.
•Level sensors (capacity, differential) pressure.
•Solenoid valves.
•Water treatment equipment.
•Salinity indicators.
•Oil in water sensors.
•Pneumatic of electrical controled valves (3-way) for keeping water level in drum.
Gas Flow Control system.
Control equipment for Gas Flow Control system:
•Gas regulating unit.
•Solenoid valves.
•Pressure sensors.
•Temperature sensors.
•Flow meters.
•Gas leak detectors.
Burners.
Equipment on burners:
•Flame eyes.
•Igniters.
•Solenoid valves.
•Heaters.
•Temperature sensors.
•Pressure sensors.
•Electric motor for rotary cap.
•Electric motor for fan & FO pump.
•Flap controller.
The End!
