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Proteomics and Genomics

The document discusses genomics and proteomics, including their definitions, types, applications in dentistry, and future directions. Genomics is the study of genomes and deals with DNA, genes and sequencing. Proteomics studies the total set of proteins expressed by genes. Both can help identify biomarkers for oral diseases.

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Uma Datar
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39 views

Proteomics and Genomics

The document discusses genomics and proteomics, including their definitions, types, applications in dentistry, and future directions. Genomics is the study of genomes and deals with DNA, genes and sequencing. Proteomics studies the total set of proteins expressed by genes. Both can help identify biomarkers for oral diseases.

Uploaded by

Uma Datar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Proteomics and Genomics

Uma Vasant Datar


Introduction

Transformative
Overview of Is it relevant to
role of genomics
OMICS dental practice?
and proteomics
Central Dogma
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty (1944) proposed DNA was a repository
of information
What is genomics

Genome
• The term genome introduced by
H Winkler in 1920
• The term genomics coined by Genoimics
TH Roderick In 1987.
• Genomics is an area of life omics
science that deals with the study
of the genome of organisms.
Basics of Genomics

• Unveiling the structure of DNA, the building block of life.


• Journey through genome sequencing techniques: deciphering
our genetic code.
• Annotation and analysis: decoding the functions encoded
within our genes.
• Applications in identifying genetic variations underlying oral
diseases.
Types of Genomics
• Structural genomics: Aims to determine the structure of every
protein encoded by the genome.
• Functional genomics aims to collect and use data from sequencing
to describe gene and protein functions.
• Comparative genomics: Aims to compare genomic features between
different species.
• Mutation genomics: Studies the genome regarding mutations in a
person's DNA or genome.
How Many Types
Of Genome???

• Prokaryotic genomes
• Eukaryotic Genomes
• Nuclear Genomes
• Mitochondrial genomes
• Choloroplast genomes
GENOME SEQUENCING
PROJECT
•Human Genome project
• The Human Genome Project officially
began on Oct. 1, 1990.
• Completed in 13 years
• Mission of HGP:
• To understand the human genome and
the role it plays in both health and disease.
• Francis Collins
Genome India Project

WGS of 10000 participants for


understanding population
specificdiangositic markers (MYBPC3)
India, boasting the world's largest genetic
laboratory
• HGP took 13 years and $3 billion,
and was completed in 2003. DBT
iniitated GIP on 3rd Jan 2020
• However, now, it takes only about 5 days
to sequence an entire human genome and
perform all the quality checks.
Practical Applications

Malcangi G, Patano A, Guglielmo M, Sardano R, Palmieri G, Di Pede C, de Ruvo E, Inchingolo AD, Mancini A, Inchingolo F, et al. Precision Medicine in Oral
Health and Diseases: A Systematic Review. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2023; 13(5):725. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13050725
Proteomics

• It is the study of the total set of proteins.

• It helps in understanding the characteristics and functions of a cell type.

• The proteome is a total set of proteins expressed in an organism’s

genome.
Proteomics

Proteins expressedwith time,


takes the help of genomic studies as
requirement, internal and external
proteins are the functional product
environment, stress, etc. that a cell
of the genome.
or an organism faces.

Proteomics involves protein


purification, identification, Uses immunoassay, mass
structural analysis, interaction and spectrometry are used in this
functions.
Genomics Proteomics

entire set of genes or the genome of a cell is Proteomics is the study of proteins that are
studied expressed by functional genes
Studies genome structure and expression Studies proteins structure, expression and
activity
Every cell contains the same set of genes. Proteome varies in different types of cells
Genome is fixed in an organism according to function, internal and external
factors
Does not tell about its functionality. Study of proteins is more conclusive as it is the
Gene expression is regulated at the functional product of a gene, and tells about the
transcription and translation level actual condition of a cell or an organism
It involves sequencing, mapping and It involves the study of 3D structure, function
expression analysis of a genome and interaction of proteins
Technologies used are DNA sequencing and Technologies involved are immunoassay, mass
bioinformatics spectrometry, etc.
Salivary Proteomics
• Non-invasive
• Dynamic protein composition. Disease-specific signature proteins
• Potential biomarkers
• Diagnostic Applications
• Personalized Medicine
• Target Drug Identification
• Host Microbiome Interactions.
Saliavary Biomarkers in OSCC
Emerging technologies and
trends in genomics and
proteomics

Future Opportunities for further


research and innovation in
Directions dentistry

Importance of interdisciplinary
collaboration and continued
education

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