1

MS Construction Engineering and

Management

Safety Management in
Construction
Introduction
Engr. Shahzad khan
How This Course Will Be Conducted

Holistic Subject Perspective

Detailed Exposure to all SM Subject

Areas & Methodology

Completion of Course Outline

Theme-Oriented MS PowerPoint
Presentations

Encourage Creative Thinking

Assignments /Quizzes/
Presentations

Guest Speaker and Visit to a

Construction Site (if possible)
 Objectives of This Course

 To give participants a broad introduction to the subject of

safety management in construction to manage operation at
construction sites.
 To acquaint the course participants comprehensively and at
considerable depth with safety management by using up-to-
date literature and research on this highly interesting,
challenging, and increasingly important field.
 To motivate the SM participants to apply their acquired
knowledge for managing construction projects of different
types and levels of complexity which they will be directly or
indirectly involved in and to help them complete their projects
effectively and efficiently by following the strategy of zero
accidents.
Objectives of This Course Module

 To give students a broad introduction to the subject of

safety management in construction to enable them to
be familiar with risk and hazards and with all SOP of
safe procedures as well as safe operation on
construction sites.
 To promote networking between the SM participants and
to encourage them to share in and outside class their
personal experiences of safety management in
construction
 To stimulate interest among the participants in safety
management as a full-time career option or safety
consultants after graduation.
Course Outline
 Introduction. What is an Accident? Construction Industry Injury
Statistics. Why Do Accidents Occur? Theories of Accident Causation.
 Cost of Construction Accidents.
 Construction Safety Programs.
 Analyzing Construction Hazards and Accidents/Incidents.
 Personal Protective Equipment. Head Protection. Hand Protection. Eye
Protection. Foot Protection.
 Job Site Safety.
 Construction Standards. Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1970. OSHA
Standards.
Recommended Course Books
Hinze, J. W. (2006). Construction Safety. Prentice Hall,
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.

Lingard, H. and Rowlinson, S. (2005). Occupational Health

and Safety in Construction Project Management.

Reese, C. D and Eidson, J. V. (1999). OSHA Construction

Safety and Health. Lewis Publishers.
 Recommended Course Books
Barrie and Paulson. (1992). Professional Construction Management:
Including C.M, Design-Construct, and General Contracting.
McGraw-Hill.

Griffith, A and Watson, P. (2004). Construction Management:

Principles and Practices. Palgrave MacMillan, NY.

Levy, M. Sidney. (2000). Project Management in Construction.

McGraw-Hill.

Rowlinson, S. (2003). Hong Kong Construction – Safety Management

and the Law. Sweet & Maxwell Asia, Hong Kong.
 Introduction to construction
safety

Construction Safety is Boring…

……. till the time some accident happens

What Is An Accident?
 Unplanned event ……. undesirable, unexpected, non-controlled event
 Generally associated with negative consequences
 Fatalities
 Injuries
 Near misses……. ?
 ….Near hits, close calls or inexpensive wakeup calls
 Damaged materials
 Shattered nerves
Do accidents just happen or are they caused
 Alarming Figures in Construction Industry

Disabling Injuries 12%

Fatalities 20%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Why so Many Workers are Killed and
Injured in Construction?
 Construction Work is Inherently dangerous and injuries are likely to
occur…..
 Fatalistic view of construction and gives excuse to industry for its
dismal safety records
 Fatalities and injuries have been reduced by more than 50% in last
three decades
 Fatality Rate (death per 100,000 workers) was 70 in 1965 and
reduced to 10 in 2005
 How did the safety performance improve ?
 Is Construction Training a Wastage of time,
effort and money?

 Effort to train a worker is lost when it leaves the job?

 Study Findings by Lance de Stwolinski (1969)

 57% of the workers had worked for their current

employers for at-least one year in last five years

 20% of the workers had worked for entire five years

 Safety Management System
Safety management system (SMS) is a term used to refer to a
comprehensive business management system designed to manage safety
elements in the workplace.
A SMS provides a systematic way to identify hazards and control risks
while maintaining assurance that these risk controls are effective.SMS can
be defined as:
...a businesslike approach to safety. It is a systematic, explicit and
comprehensive process for managing safety risks. As with all
management systems, a safety management system provides for goal
setting, planning, and measuring performance. A safety management
system is woven into the fabric of an organization. It becomes part of
the culture, the way people do their jobs.
 Safety Management System
For the purposes of defining safety management, safety can be defined as:
... the reduction of risk to a level that is as low as is reasonably practicable.
There are three imperatives for adopting a safety management system for a
business – these are ethical, legal and financial.
There is an implied moral obligation placed on an employer to ensure that work
activities and the place of work to be safe, there are legislative requirements
defined in just about every jurisdiction on how this is to be achieved and there is a
substantial body of research which shows that effective safety management (which
is the reduction of risk in the workplace) can reduce the financial exposure of an
organisation by reducing direct and indirect costs associated with accident and
incidents.
 Safety Management System

To address these three important elements, an effective SMS should:

Define how the organisation is set up to manage risk.
Identify workplace risk and implement suitable controls.
Implement effective communications across all levels of the organisation.
Implement a process to identify and correct non-conformities.
Implement a continual improvement process.
A safety management system can be created to fit any business type and/or
industry sector.
 What is safety?
Safety is the state of being "safe" (from French sauf), the condition of being
protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional,
occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure,
damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which could be considered non-
desirable.
This can take the form of being protected from the event or from exposure to
something that causes health or economical losses. It can include protection of
people or of possessions.
For example: If your driving safely, you're simply operating your vehicle as
intended and obeying the laws, no more, no less. If you’re working with a power
tool that requires eye protection, don't fight it. Safety glasses are simply a
necessary accessory to the proper use of that tool. If you're at home, take the time
to use a ladder instead of standing on a chair that was made to sit on.
 What is safety?
the word safety refers to your freedom from danger, injury and damage, and to
your personal security. The word safety has been used so often that many of you
may think of it as a "Preaching Word", or a word that forces you to alter your ways
or change bad habits.
Instead, when you hear the word safety, think of it as a word that applies to the
way you do everything in life. Think of it as a procedure to keep you from harm.
 What safety means
1. Safety means a complete understanding of your work and knowledge of every step
that must be taken and the realization that mistakes could be costly to yourself and to
the company.

2. Safety means good judgment. Never rely on luck; always be prepared to cope with
unexpected situations and being alert when following your routine.

3. Safety means consideration for the family that depends on you, for the company that
employs you, and for your own welfare.

4. Safety means remembering the safety rules set up by your company and applying
them every minute when you are on the job.
 Basic Terms used in Safety
An Accident: An accident is an incident plus its consequences; the end of product of a
sequences of events or actions resulting in an undesired consequences (Injury,
Property damages,interruption,delay).An accidents can be defined more formally as an
undesired event, which results in physical harm and property damage, usually
resulting from contact with a source of energy above the ability of the body or
structure to withstand it.

An Injury: An injury is thus a consequences of an incident-but not the only possible

one. it has been shown that hundreds of incidents occurs in the construction industry
for every one that causes injury or loss.
 Basic Terms used in Safety
Hazard ;Hazard means the inherent property or ability of some thing to cause harm
–the potential to interrupt or interfere with a process or person. Hazards may arise
from interacting or influencing components for example two chemical interacting to
produce a third

Risk: Risk is the chance or probability of loss, an evaluation of the potential for
failure .it is easy to confuse the terms Hazards and risk but a simple way to remember
the difference is that hazard describes potential to harm, risk is the likelihood that
harm will result in the particular situation or circumstance, coupled with a measure of
the degree of severity of that harm.
What causes accident?
Accident are the direct results of unsafe activities and conditions ,both of
which can be controlled by management.
Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions are often referred to as immediate or
primary causes of accidents, because they are the most Obvious causes and
because they are usually directly involved or present at the moment the accident
happens.
Management is responsible for provide safe working environment to their
workers.
Lack of information and knowledge about work
Lack of training about their safety
Lack of maintenance (Machinery,equipemnt,plant etc)
Unsafe acts
Working without authority
Failure to warns others of danger
Leaving equipment in dangerous condition
Using equipment at the wrong speed
Disconnecting safety devices such as guards
Using defective equipments
Using equipment the wrong way or for the wrong tasks
Failure to use to wear personal protective equipment
Bad loading of vehicles
Failure to lift loads correctly
Being in an unauthorised place
 Unauthorised servicing and maintaining of moving equipment
Smoking in areas where this is not allowed
Drinking alcohol or taking drugs
Unsafe Conditions
Inadequate or missing guards to moving machine parts
Missing platform guardrails
Defective tools and equipments
Inadequate fire warning systems
Fire hazards
Ineffective housekeeping
Hazardous atmospheric conditions
Excessive noise
Secondary causes of accidents
Management system pressures

Financial restrictions
Lack of commitment
Lack of policy
Lack of standards
Lack of knowledge and information
Restricted trainings and selection for tasks
Poor quality control systems resulting from the above
Secondary causes of accidents
Social pressures

Group attitudes
Industry tradition
Society attitudes to risk-taking
‘acceptable’ behaviour in the workplace
Commercial/financial pressures between contractors
 Techniques of Accident Prevention
 Ensure everyone understands what they have to do be safe and healthy at work
 Make sure health and safety management is accepted by everyone, and that it applies to
all aspects of the organisation’s activities.
 Adapt work to the individual when designing work areas and selecting methods of work
 Use technology to improve conditions
 Give priority to protection for the whole workplace rather than to individuals
Thank you